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Fundamentals of Genetics quiz #3 Flashcards

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Fundamentals of Genetics quiz #3
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  • ________ is the process of passing characteristics from parent to offspring.
    Heredity is the process of passing characteristics from parent to offspring.
  • Alleles are described as ______.
    Alleles are described as different forms of a gene.
  • Define the following terms: alleles, genotype, phenotype, genome.
    Alleles: gene variants; genotype: allele combination; phenotype: observable traits; genome: complete genetic material.
  • Genes are sections of DNA that code for a particular trait. Genes are ______.
    Genes are units of heredity.
  • A gene is a short section of a ______.
    A gene is a short section of a chromosome.
  • A single population is made of ______.
    A single population is made of individuals sharing a gene pool.
  • There is a total of ______ alleles in this population.
    The total number of alleles equals twice the number of individuals for a diploid gene.
  • Another word for heterozygous
    Hybrid is another word for heterozygous.
  • How many nucleotides equals 1 amino acid?
    Three nucleotides (a codon) code for one amino acid.
  • When evaluating breeding cattle, what is the most important selection trait?
    The most important trait depends on breeding goals, but genetics is key for desired traits.
  • If I have 8 DNA nucleotides, how many DNA bases do I have?
    You have 8 DNA bases.
  • Consider a diploid organism with 2n = 6. This cell is in ______.
    This cell is in the diploid state.
  • Classify each statement as describing a gene, chromosome, or genome.
    Gene: segment of DNA; Chromosome: structure carrying genes; Genome: complete genetic material.
  • How many nucleotides make up a codon?
    Three nucleotides make up a codon.
  • What are alternate forms of the same gene called?
    Alternate forms of the same gene are called alleles.
  • What is a version of a gene called?
    A version of a gene is called an allele.
  • What is a section of DNA that codes for a protein called?
    A section of DNA that codes for a protein is called a gene.
  • DNA and RNA are both types of which biomolecule?
    DNA and RNA are both types of nucleic acids.
  • What are different forms of a gene called?
    Different forms of a gene are called alleles.
  • DNA and RNA are both organic molecules called what?
    DNA and RNA are both organic molecules called nucleic acids.
  • What is a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait called?
    A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait is called a gene.
  • What is the scientific study of heredity called?
    The scientific study of heredity is called genetics.
  • A version of a gene is called what?
    A version of a gene is called an allele.
  • What is a phenotype in genetics?
    A phenotype is the observable physical or physiological traits of an organism.
  • How is the phenotype of an individual defined?
    The phenotype of an individual is defined as its observable characteristics resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
  • What are the different forms of a gene called?
    The different forms of a gene are called alleles.
  • True or false: Both DNA and RNA are molecules.
    True. Both DNA and RNA are molecules.
  • What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
    Genotype refers to the genetic makeup (set of alleles) of an organism, while phenotype refers to the observable traits or characteristics.
  • What is the genotype of an individual?
    The genotype of an individual is the set of alleles that it possesses for a particular trait.
  • What is a section of DNA that codes for a trait called?
    A section of DNA that codes for a trait is called a gene.
  • What are different forms of the same gene called?
    Different forms of the same gene are called alleles.
  • What is a section of DNA that codes for a protein?
    A section of DNA that codes for a protein is called a gene.
  • Different versions of a gene are called ________.
    Different versions of a gene are called alleles.
  • What is the phenotype of an organism?
    The phenotype of an organism is its observable physical or physiological traits.
  • What are the different forms of a gene?
    The different forms of a gene are called alleles.
  • The phenotype of an organism is:
    The phenotype of an organism is its observable characteristics.
  • The phenotype of an individual is:
    The phenotype of an individual is the set of observable traits resulting from its genotype and environment.
  • DNA and RNA are examples of what?
    DNA and RNA are examples of nucleic acids.
  • Different versions of a gene are called what?
    Different versions of a gene are called alleles.
  • What is the normal function of a gene?
    The normal function of a gene is to encode for a protein.