BackOverview of DNA Replication definitions
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1/15BackSkip to main contentBackDouble Helix
A structure formed by two intertwined DNA strands, stabilized by hydrogen bonds, serving as the template for replication. Leading Strand
A DNA template strand allowing continuous synthesis of a new strand in the 5' to 3' direction during replication. Lagging Strand
A DNA template strand replicated discontinuously, producing short DNA segments due to its antiparallel orientation. Okazaki Fragment
A short DNA segment synthesized on the lagging strand, later joined to form a continuous DNA molecule. DNA Helicase
An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds, initiating replication. Single-Strand Binding Protein
A protein that stabilizes unwound DNA regions, preventing reformation of hydrogen bonds between separated strands. Topoisomerase
An enzyme that relieves tension and prevents supercoiling by cutting and rejoining DNA ahead of the replication fork. DNA Polymerase III
A primary enzyme complex responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to an RNA primer. Accessory Protein
A molecule that enhances the efficiency and processivity of DNA polymerase during strand synthesis. Primase
An enzyme that synthesizes short RNA primers, providing starting points for DNA polymerase during replication. RNA Primer
A short RNA sequence synthesized by primase, marking the initiation site for DNA synthesis. DNA Polymerase I
An enzyme that removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotides during replication. DNA Ligase
An enzyme that connects Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, forming a continuous DNA strand. Exonuclease Activity
A function enabling removal of mismatched nucleotides from DNA, enhancing replication fidelity. Proofreading
A quality control process by DNA polymerase, correcting errors via 3' to 5' exonuclease activity during replication.
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