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RNA definitions

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  • Ribose
    A five-carbon sugar with a hydroxyl group at the 2' carbon, increasing reactivity and susceptibility to degradation.
  • Ribozyme
    A folded RNA structure capable of catalyzing chemical reactions, acting similarly to protein enzymes.
  • Uracil
    A nitrogenous base unique to RNA, replacing thymine and pairing with adenine during transcription.
  • Single-stranded Structure
    A typical conformation of RNA, allowing complex folding and diverse functional roles within the cell.
  • mRNA
    A coding molecule that carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
  • tRNA
    A molecule that delivers specific amino acids to the ribosome, facilitating polypeptide chain assembly.
  • rRNA
    A structural and catalytic component of ribosomes, essential for translating mRNA into proteins.
  • Non-coding RNA
    A class of RNA molecules not translated into proteins but involved in regulation and other cellular processes.
  • MicroRNA
    A small regulatory RNA that modulates gene expression by silencing or degrading target mRNAs.
  • siRNA
    A short RNA involved in gene silencing, playing a key role in RNA interference pathways.
  • snRNA
    A small nuclear RNA crucial for processing pre-mRNA into mature mRNA within the nucleus.
  • snoRNA
    A small nucleolar RNA responsible for processing and modifying ribosomal RNA molecules.
  • Hydroxyl Group
    A functional group attached to ribose at the 2' carbon, increasing RNA's chemical reactivity.
  • Genetic Material
    A molecule capable of storing and transmitting hereditary information, with RNA considered the earliest form.