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Translation quiz #1 Flashcards

Translation quiz #1
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  • When does translation stop during protein synthesis?
    Translation stops when the ribosome encounters a stop codon on the mRNA, which is recognized by release factors that trigger the release of the completed polypeptide chain.
  • Which of the following is NOT a step in translation: initiation, elongation, replication, or termination?
    Replication is NOT a step in translation; the steps are initiation, elongation, and termination.
  • What occurs during translation in the process of gene expression?
    During translation, the mRNA sequence is decoded by ribosomes and tRNAs to synthesize a polypeptide chain (protein).
  • What is the role of the ribosome (rRNA) during translation?
    The ribosome (rRNA) facilitates the decoding of mRNA, positions tRNAs, and catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids during translation.
  • Which nucleic acid is translated to make a protein?
    Messenger RNA (mRNA) is translated to make a protein.
  • How many tRNAs are required to translate the DNA template sequence GTTCTGTGGGCTACT into amino acids?
    Five tRNAs are required, as the sequence codes for five codons (each codon requires a tRNA).
  • What is the process called in which an mRNA sequence is decoded to produce a polypeptide chain?
    This process is called translation.
  • What pairs with an mRNA codon during translation?
    A tRNA molecule with a complementary anticodon pairs with an mRNA codon during translation.
  • Translation termination occurs when a ribosome interacts with which of the following structures: start codon, stop codon, tRNA, or elongation factor?
    Translation termination occurs when a ribosome interacts with a stop codon.
  • Translation is the synthesis of what molecule?
    Translation is the synthesis of a polypeptide (protein) from an mRNA template.