Textbook Question
Describe the molecular composition and arrangement of the components in the nucleosome.
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Ch. 11 - Chromosome Structure and DNA Sequence Organization
Klug10th EditionEssentials of GeneticsISBN: 9780135588789
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Introduction to Genetics16
- Ch. 2 - Mitosis and Meiosis28
- Ch. 3 - Mendelian Genetics37
- Ch. 4 - Modification of Mendelian Ratios53
- Ch. 5 - Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes32
- Ch. 6 - Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement37
- Ch. 7 - Linkage and Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes36
- Ch. 8 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages24
- Ch. 9 - DNA Structure and Analysis38
- Ch. 10 - DNA Replication29
- Ch. 11 - Chromosome Structure and DNA Sequence Organization22
- Ch. 12 - The Genetic Code and Transcription36
- Ch. 13 - Translation and Proteins27
- Ch. 14 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition34
- Ch. 15 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria22
- Ch. 16 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes37
- Ch. 17 - Recombinant DNA Technology27
- Ch. 18 - Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Proteomics30
- Ch. 19 - The Genetics of Cancer21
- Ch. 20 - Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits37
- Ch. 21 - Population and Evolutionary Genetics45
Chapter 11, Problem 12
Contrast the various categories of repetitive DNA.
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Begin by defining repetitive DNA as sequences that occur multiple times in the genome, often playing roles in genome structure and function.
Classify repetitive DNA into two main categories: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats.
Explain tandem repeats, which are sequences repeated one after another in a head-to-tail fashion; these include satellite DNA, minisatellites, and microsatellites, differing mainly in the length of the repeat unit.
Describe interspersed repeats, which are scattered throughout the genome and primarily consist of transposable elements such as LINEs (Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements) and SINEs (Short Interspersed Nuclear Elements).
Contrast the categories by their organization (tandem vs. dispersed), repeat unit size, and biological roles, highlighting how tandem repeats often contribute to structural features like centromeres, while interspersed repeats can influence genome evolution and gene regulation.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Types of Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA consists of sequences repeated multiple times in the genome. It is broadly categorized into tandem repeats, where sequences are adjacent, and interspersed repeats, which are scattered throughout the genome.
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Tandem Repeats
Tandem repeats include satellite DNA, minisatellites, and microsatellites, differing in repeat unit length. These repeats are often found in centromeres and telomeres and play roles in chromosome structure and genetic variation.
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Interspersed Repeats
Interspersed repeats are mainly transposable elements like LINEs and SINEs that can move within the genome. They contribute to genome size variation and can influence gene regulation and genome evolution.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Describe the transitions that occur as nucleosomes are coiled and folded, ultimately forming a chromatid.
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Textbook Question
Provide a comprehensive definition of heterochromatin and list as many examples as you can.
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Textbook Question
Define satellite DNA. Describe where it is found in the genome of eukaryotes and its role as part of chromosomes.
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Textbook Question
Contrast the structure of SINE and LINE DNA sequences. Why are LINEs referred to as retrotransposons?
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Textbook Question
Mammals contain a diploid genome consisting of at least 10⁹ bp. If this amount of DNA is present as chromatin fibers, where each group of 200 bp of DNA is combined with 9 histones into a nucleosome and each group of 6 nucleosomes is combined into a solenoid, achieving a final packing ratio of 50, determine:
(a) the total number of nucleosomes in all fibers,
(b) the total number of histone molecules combined with DNA in the diploid genome, and
(c) the combined length of all fibers.
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