Textbook Question
What kind of heritability estimates (broad sense or narrow sense) are obtained from human twin studies?
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Ch. 20 - Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits
Klug10th EditionEssentials of GeneticsISBN: 9780135588789
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Introduction to Genetics16
- Ch. 2 - Mitosis and Meiosis28
- Ch. 3 - Mendelian Genetics37
- Ch. 4 - Modification of Mendelian Ratios53
- Ch. 5 - Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes32
- Ch. 6 - Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement37
- Ch. 7 - Linkage and Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes36
- Ch. 8 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages24
- Ch. 9 - DNA Structure and Analysis38
- Ch. 10 - DNA Replication29
- Ch. 11 - Chromosome Structure and DNA Sequence Organization22
- Ch. 12 - The Genetic Code and Transcription36
- Ch. 13 - Translation and Proteins27
- Ch. 14 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition34
- Ch. 15 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria22
- Ch. 16 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes37
- Ch. 17 - Recombinant DNA Technology27
- Ch. 18 - Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Proteomics30
- Ch. 19 - The Genetics of Cancer21
- Ch. 20 - Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits37
- Ch. 21 - Population and Evolutionary Genetics45
Chapter 20, Problem 12
What advantages do cDNA libraries provide over genomic DNA libraries? Describe cloning applications where the use of a genomic library is necessary to provide information that a cDNA library cannot.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the nature of cDNA libraries: cDNA libraries are made from mRNA transcripts that have been reverse-transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA). This means they represent only the expressed genes in a particular tissue or cell type at the time of RNA extraction, and they lack introns and non-coding regions.
Recognize the advantages of cDNA libraries: Since cDNA libraries contain only coding sequences (exons), they are useful for studying gene expression, producing recombinant proteins, and identifying coding sequences without introns, which simplifies cloning and expression in prokaryotic systems.
Understand the nature of genomic DNA libraries: Genomic libraries contain fragments of the entire genome, including coding regions, introns, regulatory sequences, and intergenic regions. They represent the complete genetic content of an organism.
Identify cloning applications requiring genomic libraries: When studying gene regulation, intron-exon structure, promoter regions, or non-coding DNA elements, a genomic library is necessary because cDNA libraries lack these sequences. Also, for organisms with alternative splicing or unknown gene structures, genomic libraries provide the full context.
Summarize the complementary uses: Use cDNA libraries to analyze expressed genes and produce proteins, and use genomic libraries to investigate gene structure, regulatory elements, and genomic organization that cDNA libraries cannot provide.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
cDNA Libraries
cDNA libraries are collections of complementary DNA sequences synthesized from mRNA transcripts, representing only the expressed genes in a cell at a given time. They exclude non-coding regions like introns and regulatory sequences, making them useful for studying gene expression and producing protein-coding sequences.
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07:40
Methods for Analyzing DNA and RNA
Genomic DNA Libraries
Genomic DNA libraries contain fragments of an organism's entire genome, including coding regions, introns, regulatory elements, and intergenic sequences. They provide a comprehensive representation of all genetic material, which is essential for studying gene structure, regulatory sequences, and non-expressed regions.
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09:28Genomic Variation
Applications Requiring Genomic Libraries
Genomic libraries are necessary when information about gene regulation, intron-exon structure, or non-coding DNA is required. They are crucial for cloning entire genes with regulatory elements, studying mutations in non-coding regions, or analyzing genome organization, which cDNA libraries cannot provide due to their focus on expressed sequences only.
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08:26Functional Genomics
Related Practice
Textbook Question
List as many human traits as you can that are likely to be under the control of a polygenic mode of inheritance.
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Textbook Question
In a cross between a strain of large guinea pigs and a strain of small guinea pigs, the F₁ are phenotypically uniform, with an average size about intermediate between that of the two parental strains. Among 1014 F₂ individuals, 3 are about the same size as the small parental strain and 5 are about the same size as the large parental strain. How many gene pairs are involved in the inheritance of size in these strains of guinea pigs?
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Textbook Question
Corn plants from a test plot are measured, and the distribution of heights at 10-cm intervals is recorded in the following table:
Height (cm) Plants (no.)
100 20
110 60
120 90
130 130
140 180
150 120
160 70
170 50
180 40
Calculate
(a) the mean height,
(b) the variance,
(c) the standard deviation, and
(d) the standard error of the mean.
Plot a rough graph of plant height against frequency. Do the values represent a normal distribution? Based on your calculations, how would you assess the variation within this population?
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Textbook Question
The following variances were calculated for two traits in a herd of hogs.
Calculate broad-sense (H²) and narrow-sense (h²) heritabilities for each trait in this herd.
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Textbook Question
The following variances were calculated for two traits in a herd of hogs.
Which of the two traits will respond best to selection by a breeder? Why?
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