Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium

Spontaneous Reaction

GOB Chemistry

7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium

Spontaneous Reaction

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is/are true?
a) The rusting of iron by oxygen is a non-spontaneous reaction.
b) The addition of a catalyst to a reaction increases spontaneity.
c) The movement of heat from a cold object to a hot object is a non-spontaneous reaction.
d) The diffusion of perfume molecules from one side of a room to the other is a non-spontaneous reaction.
e) None of the above.

A,C

B,C

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Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the concept of spontaneity in chemical reactions. A spontaneous reaction is one that occurs naturally under given conditions without needing external energy. It is often associated with a negative Gibbs free energy change (ΔG < 0).

Step 2: Analyze statement (a): The rusting of iron by oxygen is a common example of a spontaneous reaction. It occurs naturally when iron is exposed to oxygen and moisture, leading to the formation of iron oxide (rust). Therefore, statement (a) is false.

Step 3: Analyze statement (b): A catalyst speeds up the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy but does not affect the spontaneity of the reaction. Spontaneity is determined by thermodynamic factors, not by the presence of a catalyst. Therefore, statement (b) is false.

Step 4: Analyze statement (c): The movement of heat from a cold object to a hot object is non-spontaneous because it requires external work or energy input, as it goes against the natural direction of heat flow (from hot to cold). Therefore, statement (c) is true.

Step 5: Analyze statement (d): The diffusion of perfume molecules from one side of a room to the other is a spontaneous process. It occurs naturally due to the random motion of molecules, leading to an even distribution. Therefore, statement (d) is false.