Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Naming Esters

GOB Chemistry

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Naming Esters

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Problem 55b

Textbook Question

Give systematic names for the following structures and structures for the names:
b. Ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the functional groups in the compound. In 'Ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate', the name indicates the presence of an ester group (ethyl group attached to the oxygen of the ester) and a hydroxyl (-OH) group on the second carbon of the propanoate chain.

Break down the name systematically: 'Ethyl' refers to the alkyl group attached to the oxygen atom of the ester. '2-hydroxy' indicates a hydroxyl group (-OH) on the second carbon of the main chain. 'Propanoate' refers to the three-carbon chain with a carboxylate group (COO-).

Draw the structure step by step: Start with the propanoate backbone (a three-carbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end). Add the hydroxyl group (-OH) to the second carbon of the chain.

Attach the ethyl group (CH3CH2-) to the oxygen atom of the ester group. This completes the ester functional group.

Verify the structure by ensuring that all atoms have the correct number of bonds and that the name matches the structure. The final structure should have the ester group, the hydroxyl group on the second carbon, and the ethyl group attached to the oxygen.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Systematic Naming in Organic Chemistry

Systematic naming, or IUPAC nomenclature, is a standardized method for naming chemical compounds. It provides a unique name that reflects the structure of the molecule, allowing chemists to communicate clearly about specific compounds. The name typically includes information about the type of functional groups present, the length of the carbon chain, and the position of substituents.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the case of ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate, the functional groups include the ester group (from the ethyl and propanoate parts) and the hydroxyl group (from the '2-hydroxy' part), which influences the compound's reactivity and properties.

Structural Representation of Compounds

Structural representation involves depicting the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, which can be done through various formats such as Lewis structures, condensed formulas, or skeletal structures. For ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate, understanding its structure helps in visualizing how the functional groups are arranged and how they interact, which is crucial for predicting its chemical behavior.

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