Which of the following solvents might be used to dissolve an oil stain? a. water b. CCl 4 c. diethyl ether d. benzene e. NaCl solution

Welcome back, everyone which of the given solvents would be most effective for removing a grease spot from clothing. And we're given for answer choices. A Acetone B, Isopropyl alcohol C toe in the water. For this specific problem, our strategy is to implement the rule like dissolves. Like this rule states that polar solids are soluble in polar solvents and vice versa. So essentially, first of all, let's deduce that Greece consists of nonpolar molecules. So overall it's nonpolar meaning it would be soluble in nonpolar solvent. So looking at our list, we simply want to understand which of those is nonpolar. Starting with acetone, we have a ketone and just the presence of that carbel with long pairs of electrons and oxygen. It has a dipole moment. So it is polar, meaning acetone is not the correct choice. B isopropyl alcohol. So we have our isopropyl group and we're drawing a wage. And once again, we have an alcohol, there are two L pairs on oxygen. It is polar, right? It is an alcohol. So it is a polar solvent, meaning it's not the correct choice. Now see toluene, it is a hydrocarbon, it has benzene in its structure and a metal group. And because it's a hydrocarbon that is composed of practically nonpolar carbon hydrogen bonds, we consider it nonpolar, meaning it is a candidate. Right. Halloween is the correct choice because it's non polar, it is likely to dissolve Greece spot from clothing. And of course, let's look at option D which is water. So similar to alcohol's htohoh, we have a net dipole moment around oxygen and of course, it is polar. So we have three polar solvents. We don't want to use them. According to the rule, we want to choose the one that is nonpolar and the only one non polar solvent in this case is following. So the correct option for this problem is option C. Thank you for watching.

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23. Lipids

Physical Properties of Fatty Acids

GOB Chemistry

23. Lipids

Physical Properties of Fatty Acids

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Problem 2

Textbook Question

Which of the following solvents might be used to dissolve an oil stain?
a. water
b. CCl₄
c. diethyl ether
d. benzene
e. NaCl solution

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the nature of the oil stain. Oil is nonpolar, meaning it does not have a significant separation of charge (no partial positive or negative regions). Nonpolar substances dissolve best in nonpolar solvents due to the principle 'like dissolves like.'

Analyze the polarity of each solvent option: (a) Water is polar, (b) CCl₄ (carbon tetrachloride) is nonpolar, (c) Diethyl ether is slightly polar but has nonpolar regions, (d) Benzene is nonpolar, and (e) NaCl solution is polar due to the ionic nature of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions.

Eliminate polar solvents (water and NaCl solution) because they are unlikely to dissolve a nonpolar oil stain effectively.

Focus on the nonpolar solvents: CCl₄ and benzene. These are good candidates for dissolving the oil stain because their nonpolar nature matches the nonpolar nature of the oil.

Consider diethyl ether as a borderline option. While it has some polarity, its nonpolar regions might allow it to dissolve the oil stain to some extent, though it may not be as effective as CCl₄ or benzene.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Polarity of Solvents

The polarity of a solvent is a key factor in its ability to dissolve substances. Polar solvents, like water, are effective at dissolving ionic and polar compounds, while non-polar solvents, such as benzene and diethyl ether, are better suited for dissolving non-polar substances like oils. Understanding the polarity helps in selecting the appropriate solvent for specific stains.

Solubility Principles

Solubility principles dictate that 'like dissolves like,' meaning that polar solvents dissolve polar solutes and non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar solutes. This principle is crucial when determining which solvent can effectively dissolve an oil stain, as oils are typically non-polar and require non-polar solvents for effective removal.

Common Solvents in Cleaning

Common solvents used in cleaning include organic solvents like benzene, diethyl ether, and carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄), which are effective at breaking down oil-based stains. These solvents are often chosen for their ability to interact with non-polar substances, making them suitable for tasks such as removing oil stains from various surfaces.

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