Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities

Mole Concept

GOB Chemistry

6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities

Mole Concept

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1:59 minutes

Problem 114b

Textbook Question

Ammonium sulfate, (NH₄)₂SO₄, is used in fertilizers to provide nitrogen for the soil.
b. How many H atoms are in 0.100 mole of ammonium sulfate?

Verified step by step guidance

Determine the chemical formula of ammonium sulfate: \((NH_4)_2SO_4\). This indicates that each molecule contains 2 ammonium ions \((NH_4^+)\) and 1 sulfate ion \((SO_4^{2-})\).

Count the number of hydrogen (H) atoms in one formula unit of ammonium sulfate. Each ammonium ion \((NH_4^+)\) contains 4 hydrogen atoms, and since there are 2 ammonium ions, the total number of hydrogen atoms in one formula unit is \(2 \times 4 = 8\).

Use Avogadro's number \((6.022 \times 10^{23}\, \text{molecules/mol})\) to determine the number of formula units in 0.100 mole of ammonium sulfate. Multiply the number of moles by Avogadro's number: \(0.100 \times 6.022 \times 10^{23}\).

Multiply the total number of formula units by the number of hydrogen atoms per formula unit to find the total number of hydrogen atoms. This is calculated as \((0.100 \times 6.022 \times 10^{23}) \times 8\).

Simplify the expression to determine the total number of hydrogen atoms in 0.100 mole of ammonium sulfate.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Mole Concept

The mole is a fundamental unit in chemistry that quantifies the amount of substance. One mole contains approximately 6.022 x 10²³ entities, such as atoms or molecules. Understanding the mole concept is essential for converting between the number of moles and the number of atoms or molecules in a given sample.

Chemical Formula Interpretation

The chemical formula of a compound provides information about the types and numbers of atoms present. For ammonium sulfate, (NH₄)₂SO₄, the formula indicates that each molecule contains two ammonium ions (NH₄⁺) and one sulfate ion (SO₄²⁻). This interpretation is crucial for determining the total number of hydrogen atoms in the compound.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the area of chemistry that deals with the relationships between the quantities of reactants and products in chemical reactions. It allows for the calculation of the number of atoms or molecules based on the amount of substance in moles. In this case, stoichiometry helps in calculating the total number of hydrogen atoms in a specified amount of ammonium sulfate.