Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Ester Reactions: Saponification

GOB Chemistry

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Ester Reactions: Saponification

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1:32 minutes

Problem 27b

Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formulas for the products from the acid- or base-catalyzed hydrolysis of each of the following:
b.

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the functional group in the given compound. Hydrolysis typically involves breaking bonds in esters, amides, or other functional groups in the presence of water and an acid or base catalyst.

Determine whether the reaction is acid-catalyzed or base-catalyzed. Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis involves protonation of the functional group, while base-catalyzed hydrolysis involves nucleophilic attack by hydroxide ions.

For acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester, the ester bond is broken to form a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. For base-catalyzed hydrolysis (saponification), the ester bond is broken to form a carboxylate ion and an alcohol.

Draw the products of the hydrolysis reaction. For example, if the compound is an ester, identify the alkyl group attached to the oxygen and the acyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon. These will form the alcohol and carboxylic acid (or carboxylate ion), respectively.

Represent the products using condensed structural formulas or line-angle formulas. Ensure that the correct functional groups are shown for the products based on the type of hydrolysis (acid or base).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction involving the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water. In the context of acid- or base-catalyzed hydrolysis, water interacts with a compound, often resulting in the formation of an acid and a base. This process is crucial in organic chemistry for understanding how complex molecules can be broken down into simpler components.

Condensed Structural Formula

A condensed structural formula is a way of representing a chemical structure that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule without depicting all the bonds explicitly. It provides a simplified view of the molecule, indicating how atoms are grouped together. This format is particularly useful for visualizing organic compounds and their functional groups.

Line-Angle Formula

The line-angle formula, also known as the skeletal formula, is a shorthand representation of organic molecules where vertices represent carbon atoms and lines represent bonds. This method simplifies the drawing of complex structures by omitting hydrogen atoms attached to carbons, making it easier to visualize the overall structure and connectivity of the molecule.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Propyl acetate is the ester that gives the odor and smell of pears.

d. Use condensed structural formulas to write the balanced chemical equation for the base hydrolysis of propyl acetate with NaOH.

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Multiple Choice

Name alcohol formed when the following ester undergoes a saponification reaction.

Household soap is a mixture of the sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids that arise from saponification of animal fat.

b. Draw the structures of the soap molecules produced in the following reaction:

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Textbook Question

What are the products of the base hydrolysis of an ester?

1135

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Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formulas for the products of the following:

432

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Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formulas for the products of the following:

429

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Textbook Question

Propyl acetate is the ester that gives the odor and smell of pears.

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d. Write the balanced chemical equation for the base hydrolysis of propyl acetate with NaOH.

382

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Textbook Question

Propyl acetate is the ester that gives the odor and smell of pears.

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e. How many milliliters of a 0.208 M NaOH solution is needed to completely hydrolyze (saponify) 1.58 g of propyl acetate?

557

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Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formulas for the products from the acid- or base-catalyzed hydrolysis of each of the following:b.

Key Concepts

Hydrolysis

Condensed Structural Formula

Line-Angle Formula

Watch next

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formulas for the products from the acid- or base-catalyzed hydrolysis of each of the following:
b.