Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Nucleoside and Nucleotide Formation

GOB Chemistry

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Nucleoside and Nucleotide Formation

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1:22 minutes

Problem 10a

Textbook Question

Provide the products for each of the following condensation reactions:
a.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the concept of a condensation reaction. A condensation reaction typically involves the combination of two molecules with the elimination of a small molecule, such as water (H₂O) or methanol (CH₃OH). This reaction often occurs between functional groups like alcohols, carboxylic acids, or amines.

Step 2: Analyze the reactants provided in the image (not shown here). Identify the functional groups present in the molecules that will participate in the condensation reaction. Common functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and amino (-NH₂).

Step 3: Determine the type of bond formed during the reaction. For example, if the reaction involves a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, an ester bond will form, and water will be eliminated. If the reaction involves a carboxylic acid and an amine, an amide bond will form, and water will be eliminated.

Step 4: Write the chemical equation for the reaction. Represent the reactants and products using their chemical formulas. For example, if the reactants are R-COOH (carboxylic acid) and R'-OH (alcohol), the product will be R-COOR' (ester) + H₂O.

Step 5: Verify the products formed. Ensure that the small molecule (e.g., H₂O) is correctly eliminated and the new bond (e.g., ester or amide) is properly formed. Double-check the stoichiometry and structural arrangement of the products.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Condensation Reaction

A condensation reaction is a chemical process where two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, accompanied by the loss of a small molecule, often water. This type of reaction is fundamental in organic chemistry, particularly in the formation of polymers and larger organic compounds. Understanding the mechanism of condensation reactions is crucial for predicting the products formed in such reactions.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In condensation reactions, the presence of certain functional groups, such as alcohols, carboxylic acids, or amines, influences the type of products formed. Identifying these groups helps in predicting the outcome of the reaction.

Reaction Mechanism

A reaction mechanism is a step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are converted into products in a chemical reaction. It outlines the sequence of bond-breaking and bond-forming events that occur. Understanding the mechanism of condensation reactions allows chemists to anticipate the products and the conditions required for the reaction to proceed efficiently.

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