Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amide Formation

GOB Chemistry

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amide Formation

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1:37 minutes

Problem 39c

Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formula for the amide formed in each of the following reactions:
c.

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the reactants in the given reaction. In the formation of an amide, the reactants typically include a carboxylic acid (R-COOH) and an amine (R'-NH2 or R'-NHR). Analyze the structure of the reactants provided in the image to determine their functional groups.

Understand the reaction mechanism. In an amide formation reaction, the hydroxyl group (-OH) from the carboxylic acid reacts with a hydrogen atom from the amine group (-NH2 or -NHR) to form water (H2O) as a byproduct. This is a condensation reaction.

Combine the remaining parts of the reactants. After the removal of water, the carbonyl carbon (C=O) from the carboxylic acid bonds directly to the nitrogen atom of the amine group, forming the amide bond (-CONH- or -CONR-).

Draw the condensed structural formula. Represent the resulting amide by writing the condensed formula, ensuring that the carbonyl group (C=O) is directly attached to the nitrogen atom, and include the appropriate substituents (R and R') based on the reactants.

Alternatively, draw the line-angle formula. Use a zigzag line representation for the carbon chain, with the amide group (-CONH- or -CONR-) clearly shown. Ensure that all substituents are accurately placed based on the reactants provided in the image.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Amides

Amides are organic compounds derived from carboxylic acids where the hydroxyl group is replaced by an amine or ammonia. They have the general structure RCO-NR'R'', where R represents a hydrocarbon chain and NR'R'' indicates the nitrogen atom bonded to one or more alkyl or aryl groups. Amides are important in both biological systems, such as proteins, and synthetic chemistry.

Condensed Structural Formula

A condensed structural formula is a way of representing a chemical structure that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule without depicting all the bonds explicitly. It typically groups atoms together to indicate how they are connected, making it easier to visualize the molecular structure. For example, the condensed formula for ethylamine is CH3CH2NH2, which indicates the connectivity of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms.

Line-Angle Formula

The line-angle formula, also known as the skeletal formula, is a simplified way of drawing organic molecules where vertices represent carbon atoms and lines represent bonds. This method omits hydrogen atoms attached to carbons, making it easier to visualize complex structures. It is particularly useful for depicting larger molecules and functional groups, such as amides, in a clear and concise manner.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Draw structures of the amides that can be made from the following reactants:

Textbook Question

Phenacetin (shown in the margin) was once used in headache remedies but is now banned because of its potential for causing kidney damage. (a) Identify all the functional groups present in phenacetin. (b) Draw the structures of the carboxylic acid and amine needed to prepare phenacetin.

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Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formula for the amide formed in each of the following reactions:

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Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formulas for the products of the following:

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Multiple Choice

Predict the amide product formed when 2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid reacts with dimethylamine.