Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

19. Enzymes

Enzyme Inhibition

GOB Chemistry

19. Enzymes

Enzyme Inhibition

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3:28 minutes

Problem 54a

Textbook Question

Indicate whether each of the following describes a competitive or a noncompetitive inhibitor.
a. The structure of the inhibitor is similar to that of the substrate.

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the difference between competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors: A competitive inhibitor competes with the substrate for binding to the active site of the enzyme because its structure is similar to the substrate. A noncompetitive inhibitor binds to a different site on the enzyme (not the active site) and changes the enzyme's shape, reducing its activity regardless of substrate binding.

Analyze the statement: 'The structure of the inhibitor is similar to that of the substrate.'

Recognize that if the inhibitor's structure is similar to the substrate, it is likely to compete with the substrate for the active site of the enzyme.

Conclude that this description aligns with the characteristics of a competitive inhibitor.

Label the inhibitor described in the problem as a competitive inhibitor based on the reasoning above.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Competitive Inhibition

Competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor molecule resembles the substrate and competes for binding to the active site of an enzyme. This type of inhibition can be overcome by increasing the concentration of the substrate, as more substrate molecules can outcompete the inhibitor for the active site.

Noncompetitive Inhibition

Noncompetitive inhibition happens when an inhibitor binds to an enzyme at a site other than the active site, altering the enzyme's function regardless of substrate concentration. This means that increasing substrate levels does not affect the inhibitor's ability to reduce the enzyme's activity, as the inhibitor can bind to both the enzyme and the enzyme-substrate complex.

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

The enzyme-substrate complex is formed when a substrate molecule binds to the active site of an enzyme, facilitating the chemical reaction. Understanding this complex is crucial for distinguishing between competitive and noncompetitive inhibition, as the binding dynamics directly influence enzyme activity and reaction rates.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

In humans, the antibiotic amoxicillin (a type of penicillin) is used to treat certain bacterial infections.

c. Is amoxicillin a reversible or irreversible inhibitor?

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Textbook Question

Ethylene glycol (HO—CH₂—CH₂—OH) is a major component of antifreeze. If ingested, it is first converted to HOOC—CHO (oxoethanoic acid) and then to HOOC—COOH (oxalic acid), which is toxic.

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b. The treatment for the ingestion of ethylene glycol is an intravenous solution of ethanol. How might this help prevent toxic levels of oxalic acid in the body?

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Textbook Question

How does an irreversible inhibitor function differently than a reversible inhibitor?

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Textbook Question

Indicate whether each of the following describes a competitive or a noncompetitive inhibitor.

e. Adding more substrate to the reaction restores the enzyme activity.

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Textbook Question

Indicate whether each of the following describes a competitive or a noncompetitive inhibitor.

c. The inhibitor competes with the substrate for the active site.

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following inhibitors could be a reversible competitive inhibitor for acetylcholinesterase if its substrate is acetylcholine?

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Textbook Question

How can you distinguish between a competitive inhibitor and an uncompetitive inhibitor experimentally?

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Textbook Question

Why are irreversible enzyme inhibitors referred to as poisons?

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Indicate whether each of the following describes a competitive or a noncompetitive inhibitor.a. The structure of the inhibitor is similar to that of the substrate.

Key Concepts

Competitive Inhibition

Noncompetitive Inhibition

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

Watch next

Indicate whether each of the following describes a competitive or a noncompetitive inhibitor.
a. The structure of the inhibitor is similar to that of the substrate.