Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

10. Acids and Bases

Acid-Base Introduction

GOB Chemistry

10. Acids and Bases

Acid-Base Introduction

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2:10 minutes

Problem 82a

Textbook Question

Identify each of the following as an acid, base, or salt, and give its name:
a. H₃PO₄

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Recognize the chemical formula H₃PO₄. This formula represents a compound containing hydrogen (H) atoms bonded to a polyatomic ion (PO₄³⁻).

Step 2: Recall that acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water. The presence of hydrogen atoms at the beginning of the formula is a strong indicator that this compound is an acid.

Step 3: Identify the polyatomic ion PO₄³⁻ as phosphate. When combined with hydrogen ions, the compound is named based on the polyatomic ion.

Step 4: Apply the naming rules for acids. Since the phosphate ion ends in '-ate,' the acid name will end in '-ic.' Therefore, H₃PO₄ is named phosphoric acid.

Step 5: Conclude that H₃PO₄ is an acid, and its name is phosphoric acid.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Acids

Acids are substances that can donate protons (H⁺ ions) in a chemical reaction. They typically have a sour taste and can turn blue litmus paper red. In aqueous solutions, acids increase the concentration of hydrogen ions, which is a key characteristic that defines their acidic nature.

Bases

Bases are substances that can accept protons or donate hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in a chemical reaction. They usually have a bitter taste and can turn red litmus paper blue. Bases decrease the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, which is essential for understanding their role in acid-base chemistry.

Salts

Salts are ionic compounds formed from the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base. They consist of cations from the base and anions from the acid. Salts can affect the pH of a solution depending on the strength of the acid and base from which they are derived, and they often have various applications in chemistry and industry.

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