Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

18. Amino Acids and Proteins

Peptides

GOB Chemistry

18. Amino Acids and Proteins

Peptides

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1:12 minutes

Problem 18d

Textbook Question

Draw the structural formula for each of the following peptides:
d. IYP

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the problem. The peptide 'IYP' consists of three amino acids: Isoleucine (I), Tyrosine (Y), and Proline (P). Peptides are formed by linking amino acids through peptide bonds, which are covalent bonds between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the next.

Step 2: Begin by drawing the backbone structure of the peptide. Each amino acid has a central carbon atom (α-carbon) bonded to an amino group (-NH₂), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a unique side chain (R-group). Arrange the amino acids in the order Isoleucine, Tyrosine, and Proline.

Step 3: Connect the amino acids using peptide bonds. A peptide bond is formed when the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of the next amino acid, releasing a molecule of water (condensation reaction). Draw the peptide bond between Isoleucine and Tyrosine, and then between Tyrosine and Proline.

Step 4: Add the side chains (R-groups) for each amino acid. Isoleucine has a branched alkyl group, Tyrosine has a phenol group, and Proline has a cyclic structure where the side chain connects back to the amino group. Ensure the side chains are correctly attached to the α-carbon of each amino acid.

Step 5: Verify the structure. Ensure the peptide backbone is continuous, the peptide bonds are correctly formed, and the side chains are accurately represented. The final structure should show the sequence Isoleucine-Tyrosine-Proline with all atoms and bonds clearly depicted.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Peptide Structure

Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The structure of a peptide is determined by the sequence of its constituent amino acids, which influences its properties and functions. Understanding the basic structure of peptides is essential for drawing their structural formulas.

Amino Acids

Amino acids are the building blocks of peptides and proteins, each containing an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a unique side chain (R group). The specific sequence of amino acids in a peptide determines its identity and characteristics. For the peptide IYP, the amino acids involved are Isoleucine, Tyrosine, and Proline.

Structural Formula Representation

The structural formula of a peptide visually represents the arrangement of atoms and the bonds between them. It includes the backbone formed by the peptide bonds and the side chains of the amino acids. Accurately drawing the structural formula requires knowledge of chemical bonding and the specific structures of the involved amino acids.