Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Translation: Protein Synthesis

GOB Chemistry

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Translation: Protein Synthesis

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1:07 minutes

Problem 20

Textbook Question

What amino acid sequence is coded for by the mRNA base sequence CUC-AUU-CCA-UGC-GAC-GUA?

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Identify the codons in the mRNA sequence. Each codon consists of three bases. The given sequence is already divided into codons: CUC, AUU, CCA, UGC, GAC, and GUA.

Use the genetic code table to determine the amino acid corresponding to each codon. For example, CUC codes for leucine (Leu), AUU codes for isoleucine (Ile), and so on.

Translate each codon into its corresponding amino acid using the genetic code: CUC -> Leu, AUU -> Ile, CCA -> Pro, UGC -> Cys, GAC -> Asp, GUA -> Val.

Write the amino acid sequence in the correct order as determined by the codons in the mRNA sequence.

Ensure that the sequence is written using the standard three-letter abbreviations for amino acids: Leu-Ile-Pro-Cys-Asp-Val.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

mRNA Translation

mRNA translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins based on the sequence of nucleotides in messenger RNA (mRNA). Each set of three nucleotides, known as a codon, corresponds to a specific amino acid. Understanding this process is crucial for determining the amino acid sequence encoded by a given mRNA sequence.

Codons and Amino Acids

Codons are triplet sequences of nucleotides in mRNA that specify particular amino acids during protein synthesis. The genetic code is universal, meaning that the same codons correspond to the same amino acids across different organisms. Familiarity with the genetic code table is essential for translating mRNA sequences into their corresponding amino acid sequences.

Amino Acid Properties

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, each with unique properties that influence protein structure and function. There are 20 standard amino acids, and their sequence determines the protein's characteristics. Understanding the properties of these amino acids helps in predicting how the resulting protein will behave in biological systems.

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A specific virus contains RNA as its genetic material.

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Open Question

Tuftsin is an immunostimulator tetrapeptide having the following sequence:

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Write a possible sequence for the gene (Informational & template strand) that codes for this tetrapeptide.

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Tuftsin is an immunostimulator tetrapeptide having the following sequence:

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Gln-His-Pro-Gly is the sequence of a molecule known as progenitor thyrotropin-releasing hormone (pro-TRH). If we were searching for pro-TRH genes, we would need to know what sequence of bases in DNA we should be looking for. Use the following boxes to indicate answers to parts (a)–(d).

a. What RNA sequence could code for these four amino acids?

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What tetrapeptide is synthesized from the informational DNA sequence G-T-C-A-G-T-A-C-G-T-T-A?

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