Textbook Question
Bone and bony structures contain calcium and phosphorus.
a. Why would the radioisotopes calcium-47 and phosphorus-32 be used in the diagnosis and treatment of bone diseases?
11. Nuclear Chemistry
Beta Decay
2: minutesProblem 12
Textbook Question
A β-emitting radiation source gives 250 units of radiation at a distance of 4.0 m. At what distance does the radiation drop to one-tenth its original value?
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the problem: The intensity of radiation follows the inverse square law, which states that the intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source. Mathematically, this can be expressed as \( I \propto \frac{1}{d^2} \), where \( I \) is the intensity and \( d \) is the distance.
Set up the relationship: Let the initial intensity \( I_1 \) be 250 units at a distance \( d_1 = 4.0 \, \text{m} \). The final intensity \( I_2 \) is one-tenth of the original intensity, so \( I_2 = \frac{I_1}{10} = 25 \, \text{units}.
Use the inverse square law formula: \( \frac{I_1}{I_2} = \left( \frac{d_2}{d_1} \right)^2 \). Substitute \( I_1 = 250 \), \( I_2 = 25 \), and \( d_1 = 4.0 \, \text{m} \) into the equation.
Solve for \( d_2 \): Rearrange the formula to isolate \( d_2 \): \( d_2 = d_1 \sqrt{\frac{I_1}{I_2}} \). Substitute the known values into the equation.
Perform the calculation: Calculate \( d_2 \) using the values substituted in the previous step to determine the distance at which the radiation drops to one-tenth its original value.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Inverse Square Law
The Inverse Square Law states that the intensity of radiation from a point source decreases with the square of the distance from the source. This means that if you double the distance from the source, the intensity of radiation is reduced to one-fourth. This principle is crucial for understanding how radiation levels change with distance.
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Radioactive Decay
Radioactive decay refers to the process by which unstable atomic nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation. The rate of decay is characterized by the half-life, which is the time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay. Understanding this concept helps in determining how radiation levels decrease over distance and time.
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Radiation Dose Measurement
Radiation dose measurement quantifies the amount of radiation energy absorbed by an object or person. It is often expressed in units such as grays (Gy) or sieverts (Sv). Knowing how to measure and interpret radiation doses is essential for assessing exposure levels and understanding the implications of radiation on health and safety.
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