Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Naming Other Substituents

GOB Chemistry

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Naming Other Substituents

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Problem 17d

Textbook Question

Draw the line-angle formula for each of the following:
d. 2,3-dichlorohexane

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the structure of the compound. The name '2,3-dichlorohexane' indicates that the parent chain is hexane, which consists of six carbon atoms connected in a straight chain with single bonds (alkane).

Step 2: Identify the substituents. The '2,3-dichloro' prefix means there are two chlorine (Cl) atoms attached to the second and third carbon atoms of the hexane chain.

Step 3: Draw the backbone of the molecule. Represent the six carbon atoms in a zigzag pattern, which is the standard way to depict a straight-chain alkane in a line-angle formula. Each vertex represents a carbon atom, and the ends of the chain also represent carbon atoms.

Step 4: Add the substituents. Place a chlorine atom (Cl) on the second and third carbon atoms of the chain. Remember that each carbon atom can form four bonds, so ensure the remaining bonds are satisfied with hydrogen atoms (not explicitly shown in line-angle formulas).

Step 5: Verify the structure. Double-check that the molecule has six carbon atoms in the main chain, two chlorine atoms on the correct carbons, and that all carbons have four bonds in total. This ensures the structure is correct and follows the rules of organic chemistry.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Line-Angle Formula

The line-angle formula, also known as the skeletal formula, is a shorthand representation of organic molecules. In this format, vertices represent carbon atoms, and lines represent bonds between them. Hydrogen atoms are typically omitted for carbon atoms, as they are implied by the tetravalency of carbon. This method simplifies the visualization of complex structures, making it easier to identify functional groups and molecular connectivity.

Dichloro Compounds

Dichloro compounds are organic molecules that contain two chlorine atoms substituting hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon chain. The position of these chlorine atoms is crucial for understanding the compound's reactivity and properties. In the case of 2,3-dichlorohexane, the chlorines are located on the second and third carbon atoms of a six-carbon chain, which influences the molecule's stereochemistry and potential isomers.

Hexane Structure

Hexane is a straight-chain alkane with six carbon atoms, represented by the molecular formula C6H14. Its structure serves as the backbone for derivatives like dichlorohexane. Understanding the hexane structure is essential for accurately drawing its derivatives, as it provides the framework upon which substituents, such as chlorine atoms, are added. The linear arrangement of hexane allows for various substitution patterns, affecting the compound's physical and chemical properties.

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