Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

The Genetic Code

GOB Chemistry

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

The Genetic Code

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1:03 minutes

Problem 66a

Textbook Question

List the possible codons for each of the following amino acids:
a. threonine

Verified step by step guidance

Understand that codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids during protein synthesis. Each amino acid can be encoded by one or more codons.

Refer to the genetic code table, which maps codons to their respective amino acids. Locate threonine (Thr) in the table.

Identify the codons associated with threonine. According to the genetic code, threonine is encoded by the following codons: ACU, ACC, ACA, and ACG.

Recognize that these codons differ in the third nucleotide position, which allows for variability while still coding for the same amino acid.

Note that the genetic code is universal across most organisms, meaning these codons for threonine are consistent in nearly all living systems.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Codons

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids during protein synthesis. Each codon is part of the genetic code, which translates the information encoded in DNA into functional proteins. Understanding codons is essential for determining which amino acids are produced in response to specific sequences of nucleotides.

Amino Acids

Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. There are 20 standard amino acids, each with unique properties and encoded by specific codons. Threonine, for example, is an essential amino acid that must be obtained through diet, and its codons are crucial for understanding how proteins are synthesized in living organisms.

Genetic Code

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA and RNA is translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins. It is nearly universal among all organisms and consists of 64 codons that specify the 20 amino acids, including multiple codons for some amino acids like threonine. Familiarity with the genetic code is vital for interpreting how genetic information is expressed in biological systems.

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Textbook Question

Endorphins are polypeptides that reduce pain. What is the amino acid order for the endorphin methionine enkephalin (met-enkephalin), which has the following mRNA?

AUG UAC GGU GGA UUU AUG UAA

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