Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Skeletal Formula

GOB Chemistry

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Skeletal Formula

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3:06 minutes

Problem 39c

Textbook Question

Convert the condensed structures shown to skeletal structures.
(c)

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the condensed structure provided in the problem. Condensed structures represent molecules in a compact form, showing the connectivity of atoms without explicitly drawing bonds.

Understand the rules for converting condensed structures to skeletal structures: (1) Carbon atoms are represented as vertices or endpoints of lines, (2) Hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are implied and not shown explicitly, and (3) Heteroatoms (e.g., O, N, Cl) and their attached hydrogens are explicitly drawn.

Analyze the condensed structure to determine the arrangement of carbon atoms and any functional groups or substituents. Pay attention to branching points and double or triple bonds if present.

Draw the skeletal structure by placing carbon atoms as vertices and connecting them with lines to represent bonds. Add any heteroatoms and explicitly show their attached hydrogens.

Double-check the skeletal structure to ensure it accurately represents the connectivity and bonding of the original condensed structure, including the correct number of bonds for each atom.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Condensed Structures

Condensed structures are a simplified way of representing molecular structures, where certain atoms and bonds are implied rather than explicitly drawn. This notation often combines atoms and their connectivity in a compact form, making it easier to visualize complex molecules without drawing every bond and atom. Understanding how to interpret these structures is crucial for converting them into skeletal structures.

Skeletal Structures

Skeletal structures, also known as line-angle formulas, represent organic molecules by showing only the carbon skeleton and functional groups. In this representation, carbon atoms are implied at the ends of lines and at intersections, while hydrogen atoms attached to carbons are usually omitted for simplicity. This format allows chemists to quickly assess the structure and connectivity of a molecule.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. They determine the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Recognizing functional groups is essential when converting condensed structures to skeletal structures, as they often dictate how the molecule will behave in chemical reactions.

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Draw a skeletal structure for each of the following compounds:

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Write the skeletal structure for the alkane or cycloalkane shown:

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Lewis structures, condensed structural formulas, and skeletal structures are used to represent the structure of an organic compound. Each of the following compounds is shown in one of these representations. Convert each compound into the other two structural representations not shown.

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Convert the condensed structures shown to skeletal structures.

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Textbook Question

Convert the condensed structures shown to skeletal structures.

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