Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

20. Carbohydrates

Cyclic Structures of Monosaccharides

GOB Chemistry

20. Carbohydrates

Cyclic Structures of Monosaccharides

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Multiple Choice

Draw a Haworth projection for α-D-altrose.

Haworth projection

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Verified step by step guidance

Identify the structure of D-altrose from the Fischer projection. D-altrose is an aldohexose, which means it has six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group.

Convert the Fischer projection to a Haworth projection. To do this, first determine the ring size. For D-altrose, the ring will be a six-membered pyranose ring.

Number the carbon atoms in the Fischer projection starting from the aldehyde group as carbon 1. The hydroxyl group on carbon 5 will attack the aldehyde group to form the cyclic structure.

In the Haworth projection, place the oxygen atom at the top right of the ring. The CH2OH group on carbon 5 will be placed above the plane of the ring for D-sugars.

For the α-anomer, the hydroxyl group on carbon 1 (anomeric carbon) will be placed below the plane of the ring. Arrange the other hydroxyl groups according to their positions in the Fischer projection: if they are on the right in the Fischer projection, they will be below the plane in the Haworth projection, and vice versa.