Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Functional Groups in Chemistry

GOB Chemistry

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Functional Groups in Chemistry

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1:17 minutes

Problem 53b

Textbook Question

Identify all of the functional groups in each of the following molecules:
(b)

Verified step by step guidance

Examine the structure of Lidocaine carefully to identify the different functional groups present. Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.

Look for an amide group in the structure. An amide group consists of a carbonyl group (

C = O

) directly bonded to a nitrogen atom (

N

). This is a key functional group in Lidocaine.

Identify the amine group in the molecule. An amine group contains a nitrogen atom (

N

) bonded to hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups. Lidocaine contains a secondary amine, where the nitrogen is bonded to two alkyl groups.

Locate the aromatic ring in the structure. Aromatic rings are cyclic structures with alternating double bonds, such as a benzene ring. Lidocaine contains a benzene ring, which is an aromatic functional group.

Check for any alkyl groups attached to the molecule. Alkyl groups are chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms. In Lidocaine, there are alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom and the aromatic ring, contributing to its overall structure.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. They determine the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Common functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), amine (-NH2), and more, each imparting unique behaviors to the molecules they are part of.

Lidocaine Structure

Lidocaine is a local anesthetic with a specific chemical structure that includes an amide functional group. Understanding its structure is crucial for identifying the functional groups present. The presence of an aromatic ring and an amine group contributes to its pharmacological properties, making it effective in blocking nerve signals.

Chemical Analysis Techniques

Chemical analysis techniques, such as spectroscopy and chromatography, are used to identify and characterize the functional groups in organic molecules. These methods allow chemists to determine the presence of specific groups by analyzing the molecular structure and behavior of compounds under various conditions, aiding in the understanding of their chemical properties.

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