Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Isomers

GOB Chemistry

13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Isomers

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5:03 minutes

Problem 59

Textbook Question

Draw the structural formulas and name all cyclic isomers with the formula C₅H₁₀.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the problem. The molecular formula C5H10 indicates a hydrocarbon with 5 carbon atoms and 10 hydrogen atoms. Since the formula follows the general formula for cycloalkanes (C_nH_2n), we are tasked with identifying all possible cyclic isomers of this compound.

Step 2: Begin by drawing the simplest cyclic structure, cyclopentane. Cyclopentane is a five-membered ring with no substituents. Its structural formula is a pentagon, where each vertex represents a carbon atom, and each carbon is bonded to two hydrogens.

Step 3: Next, consider smaller rings with substituents. Draw cyclobutane (a four-membered ring) with one methyl group (-CH₃) attached to one of the carbons. This is called methylcyclobutane. Ensure the methyl group is clearly shown in the structural formula.

Step 4: Continue by drawing cyclopropane (a three-membered ring) with two substituents. For example, draw 1,1-dimethylcyclopropane (two methyl groups attached to the same carbon) and 1,2-dimethylcyclopropane (two methyl groups attached to adjacent carbons). These are distinct isomers.

Step 5: Verify that all possible cyclic isomers have been considered. Ensure that no additional unique structures can be formed by rearranging the carbon atoms or substituents. Name each isomer systematically using IUPAC nomenclature to confirm their uniqueness.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Cyclic Isomers

Cyclic isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of atoms in a ring structure. For C5H10, cyclic isomers can include various configurations such as cyclopentane and methylcyclobutane. Understanding the concept of cyclic structures is essential for identifying and drawing their structural formulas.

Structural Formula

A structural formula represents the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, showing how they are bonded together. It provides insight into the connectivity of atoms, which is crucial for distinguishing between different isomers. For C5H10, drawing the structural formulas helps visualize the various cyclic isomers and their unique characteristics.

Isomerism

Isomerism refers to the phenomenon where compounds share the same molecular formula but have different structural or spatial arrangements. In the case of C5H10, isomerism can lead to various cyclic and acyclic forms. Recognizing the types of isomerism, such as structural and stereoisomerism, is vital for comprehending the diversity of compounds that can be formed from a given formula.