Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

2. Atoms and the Periodic Table

Lewis Dot Symbols (Simplified)

GOB Chemistry

2. Atoms and the Periodic Table

Lewis Dot Symbols (Simplified)

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2:52 minutes

Problem 112b

Textbook Question

Consider an ion with the symbol Y^3- formed from a representative element.
b. What is the Lewis symbol of the element?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the problem. The ion Y³⁻ indicates that the element Y has gained 3 electrons to form a negatively charged ion. This means the neutral atom of Y originally had 3 fewer electrons than the ion.

Step 2: Determine the group of the periodic table. Since Y³⁻ is a representative element, it is likely in Group 15 (5A) of the periodic table. Elements in this group typically gain 3 electrons to achieve a stable octet configuration.

Step 3: Identify the neutral atom's electron configuration. The neutral atom of Y would have 5 valence electrons (as it is in Group 15). These electrons are represented as dots in the Lewis symbol.

Step 4: Draw the Lewis symbol for the neutral atom. Place the element symbol 'Y' in the center and arrange 5 dots around it to represent the 5 valence electrons. The dots should be placed one at a time on each side (top, bottom, left, right) before pairing them.

Step 5: Verify the Lewis symbol. Ensure that the Lewis symbol accurately represents the 5 valence electrons of the neutral atom of Y, consistent with its position in Group 15 of the periodic table.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Lewis Symbols

Lewis symbols are a way to represent the valence electrons of an atom using dots around the element's symbol. Each dot corresponds to a valence electron, and the arrangement of these dots can help predict how an element will bond with others. For representative elements, the number of dots typically corresponds to the group number in the periodic table.

Ion Formation

Ions are charged particles that form when atoms gain or lose electrons. A negatively charged ion, or anion, occurs when an atom gains electrons, resulting in a net negative charge. The symbol Y³⁻ indicates that the element Y has gained three electrons, which is crucial for understanding its Lewis symbol and bonding behavior.

Representative Elements

Representative elements are found in groups 1, 2, and 13-18 of the periodic table and include metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. These elements exhibit a wide range of chemical properties and typically follow predictable patterns in their electron configurations. Understanding the group of the representative element helps in determining its Lewis symbol and the number of valence electrons.

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Textbook Question

Write the group number and draw the Lewis symbol for each of the following elements:

c. calcium

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Textbook Question

An unidentified element is found to have an electron configuration by shell of 2 8 18 8 2. To what group and period does this element belong? Is the element a metal or a nonmetal? How many protons does an atom of the element have? What is the name of the element? Write its electron-dot symbol.

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Textbook Question

Consider the following Lewis symbols for elements X and Y:

c. What ions would be formed by X and Y?

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Textbook Question

Consider an ion with the symbol X²⁺ formed from a representative element.

b. What is the Lewis symbol of the element?

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