The phosphonium ion, PH 4 + is formed by reaction of phosphine, PH 3 , with an acid. d. Explain why the ion has a +1 charge.

Hello. In this prom, we're told the reaction of still bein with acid yields the baby mine asked why does the iron have a plus one charge? Let's consider our elements. So we have antimony which has an atomic number of 51. So it has 51 protons, it's neutral. So it has an equal number of electrons. Hydrogen has one proton and one electron. So adding it all together for still bein we have then a total of protons And 54 electrons. So acids are proton donors. So a proton then has one proton and no electrons. So when we formed the Stefani a Mayan, We now have 55 protons and electrons. This will give us then a net plus one charge. If we look at the lewis. for still bein antimony is in group five a, it has five valence electrons. Hydrogen is in group one a it has one valence electron when it reacts with an acid acids are proton donors. So it will donate a proton to still bein that lone pair of electrons then will allow the hydrogen to form a bond with still Bein forms the baby mine. And so we've added additional proton but no additional electrons. So we now have a net plus charge. And when we remove a nine from our acid, we're left with then a negative charged ion. So this thing corresponds to answer B Which tells us then that the selenium iron will have 55 protons and 54 electrons. So an additional plus charge. Thanks for watching. Hope this helped.

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4. Molecular Compounds

Lewis Dot Structures: Neutral Compounds (Simplified)

GOB Chemistry

4. Molecular Compounds

Lewis Dot Structures: Neutral Compounds (Simplified)

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Problem 90d

Textbook Question

The phosphonium ion, PH₄⁺ is formed by reaction of phosphine, PH₃, with an acid.
d. Explain why the ion has a +1 charge.

Verified step by step guidance

Start by identifying the reactants: phosphine (PH₃) and an acid. Phosphine is a neutral molecule, and acids typically donate protons (H⁺ ions) in chemical reactions.

Understand the process of proton donation: When the acid donates a proton (H⁺), it is accepted by the phosphine molecule. This results in the formation of the phosphonium ion (PH⁺₄).

Examine the electron count: Phosphine (PH₃) has a lone pair of electrons on the phosphorus atom. When it accepts the proton (H⁺), the lone pair is used to form a bond with the proton, creating PH⁺₄.

Analyze the charge distribution: The proton (H⁺) carries a positive charge. Since phosphine is neutral, the addition of a positively charged proton results in the overall charge of the phosphonium ion being +1.

Conclude the explanation: The +1 charge on the phosphonium ion arises because the neutral phosphine molecule gains a positively charged proton during the reaction, without losing any electrons to counterbalance the added positive charge.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Phosphonium Ion

A phosphonium ion, such as PH⁺₄, is a positively charged species formed when phosphine (PH₃) reacts with a proton (H⁺). In this reaction, the phosphine molecule donates a lone pair of electrons to the proton, resulting in the formation of the ion. This process is similar to the formation of ammonium ions from ammonia.

Charge of Ions

The charge of an ion is determined by the difference between the number of protons and electrons. In the case of PH⁺₄, the ion has one more proton than the number of electrons, leading to a net positive charge of +1. This charge indicates that the ion is electron-deficient, which is a characteristic of cations.

Acid-Base Reaction

An acid-base reaction involves the transfer of protons (H⁺ ions) from an acid to a base. In this context, phosphine acts as a base that accepts a proton from an acid, resulting in the formation of the phosphonium ion. Understanding this reaction is crucial for grasping how the charge of the resulting ion is established.

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