Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Naming Alkanes with Substituents

GOB Chemistry

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Naming Alkanes with Substituents

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3:05 minutes

Problem 27a

Textbook Question

Give the correct IUPAC name for each of the following compounds:
(a)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Analyze the structure of the compound provided in the image. Identify the longest continuous carbon chain in the molecule, as this will determine the base name of the compound.

Step 2: Number the carbon atoms in the longest chain starting from the end closest to the first substituent group. This ensures the substituents receive the lowest possible numbers.

Step 3: Identify and name all substituent groups attached to the main chain. Common substituents include alkyl groups (e.g., methyl, ethyl) and functional groups (e.g., hydroxyl, halogens).

Step 4: Combine the names of the substituents with the base name of the compound. Use prefixes to indicate the number of identical substituents (e.g., di-, tri-) and include their position numbers.

Step 5: Ensure the name follows IUPAC rules for alphabetical order of substituents and proper punctuation (e.g., commas between numbers and hyphens between numbers and names).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming chemical compounds, established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It provides rules for naming organic and inorganic compounds based on their structure, functional groups, and other characteristics. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately identifying and communicating the identity of chemical substances.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. They determine the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Recognizing functional groups is crucial for determining the correct IUPAC name, as they influence the naming conventions and hierarchy in nomenclature.

Structural Isomerism

Structural isomerism refers to the phenomenon where compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of atoms. This can lead to different physical and chemical properties. Understanding structural isomerism is important in IUPAC naming, as each unique structure may require a distinct name to reflect its specific arrangement.

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