Textbook Question
Compare the structures of vitamin A and vitamin C. Which one is water-soluble and which is fat-soluble? What structural features does each have that make one water-soluble and the other fat-soluble?
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21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy
Intro to Metabolism
1:58 minutesProblem 76
Textbook Question
Why is daily ingestion of vitamin C more critical than daily ingestion of vitamin A?
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the difference between water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins: Vitamin C is water-soluble, meaning it dissolves in water and is not stored in the body. Vitamin A, on the other hand, is fat-soluble, meaning it is stored in the liver and fatty tissues for later use.
Recognize the implications of water solubility: Since Vitamin C is water-soluble, any excess is excreted in urine rather than stored. This means the body requires a consistent daily intake to maintain adequate levels.
Consider the storage capacity of fat-soluble vitamins: Vitamin A can be stored in the body for extended periods, so daily intake is not as critical. The body can draw on its stored reserves when dietary intake is insufficient.
Relate this to dietary needs: Because Vitamin C cannot be stored, a deficiency can develop more quickly if it is not consumed regularly. In contrast, Vitamin A deficiencies take longer to manifest due to the body's storage capability.
Conclude the reasoning: Daily ingestion of Vitamin C is more critical because the body cannot store it, whereas Vitamin A can be stored and used over time, reducing the need for daily intake.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Vitamin C Functionality
Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, is essential for the synthesis of collagen, a protein that helps maintain skin, blood vessels, and connective tissues. It also plays a crucial role in the immune system, acting as an antioxidant that protects cells from damage. Unlike vitamin A, the body does not store vitamin C, making its daily intake vital for maintaining adequate levels.
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Vitamin A Functionality
Vitamin A is important for vision, immune function, and skin health. It exists in two primary forms: preformed vitamin A (retinol) and provitamin A carotenoids. While it is essential for health, the body can store vitamin A in the liver, allowing for a more flexible intake schedule compared to vitamin C, which must be consumed daily.
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Water-Soluble vs. Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Vitamins are categorized into water-soluble and fat-soluble groups. Vitamin C is water-soluble, meaning it dissolves in water and is not stored in the body, necessitating regular consumption. In contrast, vitamin A is fat-soluble, allowing it to be stored in body tissues, which can lead to deficiencies if not consumed regularly but also means it does not require daily intake.
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