Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Naming Benzene

GOB Chemistry

13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Naming Benzene

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Problem 73b

Textbook Question

Explosives used in mining contain TNT, or trinitrotoluene.
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b. TNT is actually a mixture of isomers of trinitrotoluene. Draw the line-angle formulas for two other possible isomers.

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the structure of TNT (trinitrotoluene). TNT is a benzene ring with three nitro groups (-NO₂) and one methyl group (-CH₃) attached. In the most common isomer, the methyl group is at position 1, and the nitro groups are at positions 2, 4, and 6 on the benzene ring.

Recall that isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms. For TNT, the molecular formula is C₇H₅N₃O₆. To create isomers, we can rearrange the positions of the nitro groups (-NO₂) on the benzene ring while keeping the methyl group (-CH₃) fixed.

Draw the first isomer: Place the methyl group (-CH₃) at position 1 on the benzene ring. Then, arrange the nitro groups at positions 2, 3, and 5. This creates a different spatial arrangement compared to the original TNT structure.

Draw the second isomer: Keep the methyl group (-CH₃) at position 1. Now, place the nitro groups at positions 2, 3, and 4. This is another unique arrangement of the nitro groups on the benzene ring.

Verify that both isomers have the same molecular formula (C₇H₅N₃O₆) as the original TNT structure. Ensure that the line-angle formulas clearly show the benzene ring, the methyl group, and the nitro groups in their respective positions for each isomer.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Isomers

Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of atoms. This means they can exhibit different physical and chemical properties despite having the same number of each type of atom. In the case of trinitrotoluene (TNT), isomers arise from variations in the positioning of the nitro groups on the toluene ring.

Line-Angle Formulas

Line-angle formulas, also known as skeletal formulas, are a shorthand representation of organic molecules. In these diagrams, vertices represent carbon atoms, and lines represent bonds between them. This method simplifies the drawing of complex structures, making it easier to visualize and communicate the arrangement of atoms in isomers like those of TNT.

Trinitrotoluene (TNT)

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a well-known explosive compound characterized by its stability and effectiveness. Its chemical structure consists of a toluene molecule with three nitro groups attached, which can vary in their positions, leading to different isomers. Understanding TNT's structure is crucial for analyzing its properties and behavior in explosive applications.

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