Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Intro to Addition Reactions

GOB Chemistry

13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Intro to Addition Reactions

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Problem 54

Textbook Question

If 2-methyl-2-pentene were converted into 1-hexene, what kind of reaction would that be?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Recognize the structural change in the molecules. 2-methyl-2-pentene is a branched alkene, while 1-hexene is a straight-chain alkene. This indicates a rearrangement of the carbon skeleton.

Step 2: Understand the type of reaction involved. The conversion of a branched alkene to a straight-chain alkene typically involves an isomerization reaction, where the connectivity of atoms is rearranged without adding or removing atoms.

Step 3: Recall that isomerization reactions often occur under specific conditions, such as the presence of a catalyst (e.g., acid or metal catalyst) and heat, which facilitate the rearrangement of the double bond and carbon chain.

Step 4: Consider the mechanism. In this case, the double bond in 2-methyl-2-pentene shifts position, and the branching is removed to form the straight-chain structure of 1-hexene. This involves breaking and reforming bonds within the molecule.

Step 5: Conclude that the reaction is an isomerization reaction, specifically an alkene isomerization, which changes the structure of the molecule while maintaining the same molecular formula (C6H12).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Elimination Reaction

An elimination reaction involves the removal of atoms or groups from a molecule, resulting in the formation of a double bond. In the case of converting 2-methyl-2-pentene to 1-hexene, a double bond is formed by eliminating a small molecule, typically water or hydrogen halide, from the starting alkene.

Hydrocarbon Structure

Understanding hydrocarbon structure is essential for analyzing reactions involving alkenes. 2-methyl-2-pentene is a branched alkene, while 1-hexene is a straight-chain alkene. The structural differences influence the type of reactions that can occur, including the mechanisms of elimination and rearrangement.

Rearrangement Reaction

A rearrangement reaction involves the reorganization of the molecular structure to form a different isomer. In this case, converting 2-methyl-2-pentene to 1-hexene may involve a rearrangement step where the carbon skeleton is altered, leading to the formation of a new alkene with a different position of the double bond.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

The structure of vinyl acetate is shown below (the partial structure H₂C=CH-is known as a vinyl group). When polymerized it produces poly(vinyl acetate), a polymer used for the springy soles in running shoes. Draw the structure of the polymer obtained if three vinyl acetate units underwent polymerization.

Multiple Choice

How many moles of reagent are needed for the addition of the following alkyne?

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Textbook Question

Identify the type of reaction for the following:

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Textbook Question

Classify the following reactions as an addition, elimination, or substitution:

a. CH₃Br + NaOH → CH₃OH + NaBr

b. H₂C═CH₂ + HCl → CH₃CH₂Cl

c. CH₃CH₂Br → H₂C═CH₂ + HBr

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Textbook Question

Many biological transformations can be simply classified as additions, eliminations, or substitutions. How would you classify the following reactions?

a. Fumaric acid to malic acid

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Textbook Question

Many biological transformations can be simply classified as additions, eliminations, or substitutions. How would you classify the following reactions?

b. 2-Phosphoglyceric acid to phosphoenolpyruvic acid

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Open Question

What is the difference between a substitution reaction and an addition reaction?

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