Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Naming Other Substituents

GOB Chemistry

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Naming Other Substituents

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2:21 minutes

Problem 59

Textbook Question

A widely used general anesthetic is called halothane or Fluothane. Its IUPAC name is 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane. Draw the Lewis structure for this compound.

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the molecular formula of halothane: The IUPAC name, 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane, indicates the presence of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), bromine (Br), chlorine (Cl), and fluorine (F). The molecular formula is C₂HBrClF₃.

Determine the central atoms: In organic compounds, carbon atoms are typically the central atoms. Arrange the two carbon atoms in a chain, with one carbon bonded to the other.

Assign the substituents to the correct positions: Based on the name, the first carbon (C1) is bonded to three fluorine atoms (F), and the second carbon (C2) is bonded to one bromine atom (Br), one chlorine atom (Cl), and one hydrogen atom (H).

Draw single bonds between the central carbon atoms and their substituents: Use single lines to represent covalent bonds between C1 and its three fluorine atoms, and between C2 and its bromine, chlorine, and hydrogen atoms. Also, connect the two carbon atoms with a single bond.

Complete the octet rule for all atoms: Ensure that each atom (except hydrogen) has a complete octet of electrons. Add lone pairs to bromine, chlorine, and fluorine atoms as needed to satisfy their octet requirements.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Lewis Structure

A Lewis structure is a diagram that represents the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. It uses dots to represent valence electrons and lines to indicate covalent bonds. Understanding how to draw Lewis structures is essential for visualizing molecular geometry and predicting the behavior of compounds.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method of naming chemical compounds established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It provides a unique name for each compound based on its structure, which helps in identifying the compound's functional groups and overall composition. Familiarity with IUPAC names is crucial for understanding chemical formulas and structures.

Halothane

Halothane, or 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane, is a volatile anesthetic used in medical settings. It is important to know its chemical structure and properties, as they influence its anesthetic effects and safety profile. Understanding halothane's molecular characteristics aids in grasping its applications and potential side effects in clinical practice.

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