Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur

Naming Alcohols

GOB Chemistry

14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur

Naming Alcohols

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Problem 67d

Textbook Question

Write the formulas and IUPAC names for the following common alcohols.
d. Diol used as antifreeze (two answers)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the term 'diol'—a diol is an alcohol containing two hydroxyl (-OH) groups. The problem specifies that the diol is used as antifreeze, which hints at common compounds like ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.

Step 2: Write the chemical formula for ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol is a diol with the formula \( \text{C}_2\text{H}_6\text{O}_2 \), where two hydroxyl groups are attached to a two-carbon chain.

Step 3: Write the IUPAC name for ethylene glycol. The IUPAC name is 'ethane-1,2-diol,' indicating the hydroxyl groups are attached to the first and second carbons of the ethane backbone.

Step 4: Write the chemical formula for propylene glycol. Propylene glycol is a diol with the formula \( \text{C}_3\text{H}_8\text{O}_2 \), where two hydroxyl groups are attached to a three-carbon chain.

Step 5: Write the IUPAC name for propylene glycol. The IUPAC name is 'propane-1,2-diol,' indicating the hydroxyl groups are attached to the first and second carbons of the propane backbone.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Alcohols

Alcohols are organic compounds characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to a carbon atom. They are classified based on the number of hydroxyl groups: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Common examples include methanol and ethanol, which are widely used in various applications, including as solvents and fuels.

Diols

Diols, also known as glycols, are a specific type of alcohol that contain two hydroxyl groups. They can be classified as either vicinal (adjacent) or geminal (on the same carbon). Diols are important in industrial applications, such as antifreeze formulations, where they lower the freezing point of water, enhancing the performance of cooling systems.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming chemical compounds, ensuring that each name conveys specific information about the structure of the molecule. For alcohols, the name typically includes the longest carbon chain followed by the suffix '-ol' to indicate the presence of the hydroxyl group. Understanding this system is essential for accurately identifying and communicating the structure of chemical compounds.

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