Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

2. Atoms and the Periodic Table

Electronic Structure: Number of Electrons

GOB Chemistry

2. Atoms and the Periodic Table

Electronic Structure: Number of Electrons

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3:58 minutes

Problem 65

Textbook Question

What is the total number of orbitals in the third shell? The fourth shell?

Verified step by step guidance

Understand that the number of orbitals in a shell is determined by the principal quantum number (n). Each shell corresponds to a specific value of n (e.g., n = 3 for the third shell, n = 4 for the fourth shell).

Recall that the number of subshells in a shell is equal to n. For example, the third shell (n = 3) has three subshells: 3s, 3p, and 3d, while the fourth shell (n = 4) has four subshells: 4s, 4p, 4d, and 4f.

Each subshell contains a specific number of orbitals. The s subshell has 1 orbital, the p subshell has 3 orbitals, the d subshell has 5 orbitals, and the f subshell has 7 orbitals.

Calculate the total number of orbitals in the third shell by summing the orbitals in its subshells: 1 (from 3s) + 3 (from 3p) + 5 (from 3d). Similarly, calculate the total number of orbitals in the fourth shell by summing the orbitals in its subshells: 1 (from 4s) + 3 (from 4p) + 5 (from 4d) + 7 (from 4f).

Conclude that the total number of orbitals in a shell is given by the formula \( n^2 \), where n is the principal quantum number. For the third shell (n = 3), the total number of orbitals is \( 3^2 \). For the fourth shell (n = 4), the total number of orbitals is \( 4^2 \).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Electron Shells

Electron shells are the regions around an atom's nucleus where electrons are likely to be found. Each shell is associated with a principal quantum number (n), which indicates its energy level and distance from the nucleus. The third shell corresponds to n=3, while the fourth shell corresponds to n=4.

Orbitals

Orbitals are specific regions within electron shells where electrons are likely to be located. Each shell can contain multiple orbitals, which are categorized into types (s, p, d, f) based on their shape and energy. The number of orbitals in a shell is determined by the formula n^2, where n is the principal quantum number.

Calculating Orbitals in Shells

To find the total number of orbitals in a given shell, you apply the formula n^2. For the third shell (n=3), the total number of orbitals is 3^2 = 9. For the fourth shell (n=4), the total number of orbitals is 4^2 = 16. This calculation is essential for understanding electron configuration and chemical bonding.

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