Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Naming Esters

GOB Chemistry

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Naming Esters

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3:05 minutes

Problem 21b

Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural formulas for a and b and line-angle formulas for c and d:
b. butyl formate

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the problem: Butyl formate is an ester. Esters are organic compounds formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. The general formula for an ester is RCOOR', where R is the alkyl group from the acid and R' is the alkyl group from the alcohol.

Identify the components: In butyl formate, the 'formate' part comes from formic acid (HCOOH), which contributes the HCOO- group. The 'butyl' part comes from butanol (C4H9OH), which contributes the butyl group (C4H9).

Write the condensed structural formula: Combine the formate group (HCOO-) with the butyl group (C4H9) to form the ester. The condensed structural formula is HCOOC4H9.

Draw the line-angle formula: In the line-angle formula, each vertex represents a carbon atom, and lines represent bonds. Start with the formate group (HCOO-) and attach the butyl group (a four-carbon chain).

Verify the structure: Ensure that the ester functional group (RCOOR') is correctly represented, with the oxygen atom double-bonded to the carbon and the butyl group attached to the single-bonded oxygen.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Condensed Structural Formula

A condensed structural formula is a way of representing a chemical compound that shows the arrangement of atoms and the connectivity between them without depicting all the bonds explicitly. It typically groups atoms together to indicate how they are connected, making it easier to visualize the structure of the molecule. For example, butyl formate can be represented as C4H9O2, indicating its composition and structure in a simplified manner.

Line-Angle Formula

A line-angle formula, also known as a skeletal formula, is a shorthand representation of organic molecules where vertices represent carbon atoms and lines represent bonds. This method simplifies the drawing of complex structures by omitting hydrogen atoms attached to carbons, making it easier to visualize larger molecules. For butyl formate, the line-angle formula would illustrate the carbon backbone and functional groups without detailing every atom.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the case of butyl formate, the functional group is the ester group (-COO-), which is formed from the reaction of an alcohol (butanol) and a carboxylic acid (formic acid). Understanding functional groups is essential for predicting the behavior and reactivity of organic compounds.

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