Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following:
b. 4-chloro-2-pentanone

A condensed structural formula is a way of representing a chemical compound that shows the arrangement of atoms and the connectivity between them without depicting all the bonds explicitly. It typically uses symbols for atoms and groups, allowing for a more compact representation. For example, in a condensed formula, carbon atoms are often grouped together with their attached hydrogens, simplifying the visualization of the molecule's structure.

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the case of 4-chloro-2-pentanone, the ketone functional group (C=O) is present, indicating that the compound is a ketone. The presence of chlorine as a substituent at the fourth carbon also influences the compound's reactivity and properties.

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method of naming chemical compounds established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It provides a standardized way to name compounds based on their structure, including the identification of the longest carbon chain, the position of functional groups, and the naming of substituents. Understanding IUPAC rules is essential for accurately interpreting and drawing the structures of organic compounds like 4-chloro-2-pentanone.