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Ch.17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
Timberlake - Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry 14th Edition
Timberlake14thChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9781292472249Not the one you use?Change textbook
All textbooksTimberlake 14thCh.17 Nucleic Acids and Protein SynthesisProblem 79a
Chapter 17, Problem 79a

A specific virus contains RNA as its genetic material.
a. Why might reverse transcription be used in the life cycle of this type of virus?

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1
Understand the concept of reverse transcription: Reverse transcription is a process where RNA is converted into complementary DNA (cDNA) using the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This is the opposite of the usual transcription process where DNA is transcribed into RNA.
Recognize the role of RNA in the virus: In RNA viruses, RNA serves as the genetic material. Some RNA viruses, known as retroviruses, use reverse transcription as part of their replication cycle.
Explain why reverse transcription is necessary: Reverse transcription allows the RNA genome of the virus to be converted into DNA, which can then integrate into the host cell's genome. This integration is crucial for the virus to replicate and produce new viral particles.
Discuss the enzyme involved: The enzyme reverse transcriptase is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of RNA into DNA. This enzyme is encoded by the virus and is essential for its life cycle.
Connect to the broader implications: Once the viral DNA is integrated into the host genome, the host's cellular machinery can be used to transcribe and translate the viral genes, leading to the production of new viruses. This process is a key feature of retroviruses like HIV.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Reverse Transcription

Reverse transcription is the process by which RNA is converted into DNA by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This is crucial for RNA viruses, particularly retroviruses, as it allows them to integrate their genetic material into the host's DNA, facilitating replication and propagation of the virus within the host cell.
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RNA Viruses

RNA viruses are a class of viruses that use RNA as their genetic material instead of DNA. They can be single-stranded or double-stranded and often rely on host cellular machinery for replication. Understanding their life cycle is essential for developing antiviral strategies and treatments.
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Viral Life Cycle

The viral life cycle encompasses the stages a virus undergoes to infect a host and replicate. This includes attachment, entry, replication, assembly, and release. For RNA viruses, reverse transcription plays a pivotal role in converting their RNA genome into DNA, which can then be integrated into the host genome, allowing for persistent infection.
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How is a gene for a particular protein inserted into a plasmid?

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Textbook Question

A specific virus contains RNA as its genetic material.

b. What is the name of the type of virus that uses reverse transcription?

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Textbook Question

How do protease inhibitors disrupt the life cycle of the HIV virus?

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