Multiple Choice
In the development of atomic theory, which scientist is most closely associated with the electron cloud (quantum mechanical) model of the atom?
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4. Atoms and Elements
Atomic Theory
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Which statement best describes the earliest modern model of the atom (Dalton’s atomic theory)?
A
Atoms are made of a diffuse positively charged sphere with electrons embedded throughout (plum pudding model).
B
Electrons occupy fixed circular orbits around the nucleus with quantized energies.
C
Atoms are indivisible, solid spheres, and atoms of each element are identical in mass and properties.
D
Atoms contain a small, dense, positively charged nucleus surrounded by mostly empty space.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the key historical atomic models mentioned: Dalton's atomic theory, Thomson's plum pudding model, Bohr's model, and Rutherford's nuclear model.
Recall that Dalton's atomic theory was the earliest modern atomic model proposed in the early 19th century, before the discovery of subatomic particles.
Understand that Dalton described atoms as indivisible, solid spheres, and stated that atoms of the same element are identical in mass and properties, which was a foundational concept.
Recognize that the plum pudding model describes electrons embedded in a positively charged sphere, which came after Dalton's theory.
Note that the Bohr model and Rutherford's nuclear model describe atomic structure involving a nucleus and electron orbits, which were developed later.
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