In the context of physical methods to control microbial growth, which type of electromagnetic wave is commonly used to kill bacteria on food by causing heating through molecular vibration?

Lyophilization in food preservation is by ________.

a. Cell lysis

b. Gamma radiation

c. Rapid heating

d. Freeze-drying

Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. Rewrite the underlined phrase to make a false statement true.

_______Pasteurization kills mesophilic microorganisms except endospore formers.

During chemical treatment of drinking water and wastewater, which of the following microbes is least likely to be inactivated or killed?

a. Algae

b. Viruses

c. Fungal spores

d. Bacteria

Pasteurization is what type of microbial control method?

How does desiccation control microbial growth?

This method of physical microbial control combines the removal of all moisture with extremely low temperatures.