Multiple Choice
Which of the following best explains why antibiotics are effective against bacteria but not human cells?
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1. Introduction to Microbiology
Introduction to Bacteria
Multiple Choice
Which of the following best describes the structure assembled on top of the cytoplasmic membrane in Gram-positive bacteria?
A
A single phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
B
A thick layer of peptidoglycan containing teichoic acids
C
A thin layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by a capsule
D
An outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the basic cell envelope structure of Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria have a cytoplasmic membrane and a thick cell wall but lack an outer membrane.
Step 2: Recall that the cytoplasmic membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, common to all bacteria, but the question asks about the structure assembled on top of this membrane.
Step 3: Identify the main component of the cell wall in Gram-positive bacteria, which is a thick layer of peptidoglycan. This layer provides rigidity and shape to the cell.
Step 4: Recognize that teichoic acids are molecules embedded within the thick peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria, playing roles in cell wall maintenance and ion regulation.
Step 5: Compare this to Gram-negative bacteria, which have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides, a structure absent in Gram-positive bacteria.
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