Textbook Question
Which one of the following does not belong with the others?
a. Enterococcus
b. Lactobacillus
c. Staphylococcus
d. Streptococcus
e. All are grouped together.
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7. Prokaryotic Cell Structures & Functions
Gram-Positive Cell Walls
Multiple Choice
Which two types of acids are characteristic components of the Gram-positive cell wall, in addition to peptidoglycan?
A
Teichoic acid and lipopolysaccharide
B
Teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid
C
Lipoteichoic acid and mycolic acid
D
Mycolic acid and lipopolysaccharide
Verified step by step guidance1
Recall the basic structure of the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall, which primarily consists of a thick layer of peptidoglycan.
Understand that, in addition to peptidoglycan, Gram-positive cell walls contain specific acidic polymers that contribute to their structure and function.
Identify that teichoic acids are a major component of Gram-positive cell walls; these are polymers of glycerol or ribitol phosphate.
Recognize that there are two types of teichoic acids: teichoic acid (which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan) and lipoteichoic acid (which is anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane).
Note that lipopolysaccharide is characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria, and mycolic acid is found in acid-fast bacteria, not typical Gram-positive bacteria.
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