Multiple Choice
Infections transmitted by arthropod biological vectors typically use which of the following portals of entry?
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19. Innate Immunity
Introduction to Innate Immunity
Multiple Choice
Which of the following does NOT pertain to endotoxin?
A
It can trigger fever and inflammation in the host
B
It is composed primarily of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
C
It is secreted actively by living bacteria into the surrounding environment
D
It is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand what an endotoxin is. Endotoxins are toxic components found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, primarily composed of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Step 2: Recognize the biological effects of endotoxins. They can trigger fever and inflammation in the host as part of the immune response.
Step 3: Identify the location of endotoxins. They are integral parts of the bacterial outer membrane, not substances secreted actively by living bacteria.
Step 4: Differentiate endotoxins from exotoxins. Exotoxins are secreted actively by bacteria, whereas endotoxins are released mainly when the bacteria die and the cell wall breaks down.
Step 5: Conclude that the statement 'It is secreted actively by living bacteria into the surrounding environment' does NOT pertain to endotoxins, as this describes exotoxins instead.
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