Textbook Question
Bacteria that convert nitrogen gas into ammonia are:
a. Nitrifying bacteria
b. Nitrogenous
c. Nitrogen fixers
d. Nitrification bacteria
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21. Principles of Disease
Symbiotic Relationships
Multiple Choice
Mycorrhizal fungi are best described as which type of symbiotic partner?
A
Parasites that invade plant roots and directly kill host cells to obtain nutrients
B
Mutualists that form associations with plant roots to enhance nutrient and water uptake in exchange for carbohydrates
C
Pathogens that cause root rot by producing toxins that inhibit plant growth
D
Commensals that live on root surfaces without affecting plant nutrient acquisition or receiving sugars
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of symbiosis, which refers to a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms.
Identify the types of symbiotic relationships: mutualism (both partners benefit), parasitism (one benefits at the expense of the other), commensalism (one benefits without affecting the other), and pathogenic interactions (harmful to the host).
Recall that mycorrhizal fungi form associations with plant roots, where the fungi help plants absorb water and nutrients like phosphorus more efficiently.
Recognize that in return for this nutrient exchange, the plant provides carbohydrates (sugars) to the fungi, indicating a mutually beneficial relationship.
Conclude that mycorrhizal fungi are mutualists because both the fungi and the plant benefit from their association.
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