Label the principal events of attachment, biosynthesis, entry, and maturation of a + stranded RNA virus. Draw in uncoating.
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Identify the initial step of the viral life cycle: attachment. This involves the + stranded RNA virus binding specifically to receptor molecules on the host cell surface. This specificity determines the host range and tissue tropism.
Next, describe entry. The virus enters the host cell either by direct fusion with the plasma membrane or via endocytosis. This step allows the viral genome to access the host cytoplasm.
Include uncoating immediately after entry. Uncoating is the process where the viral capsid is removed, releasing the + stranded RNA genome into the cytoplasm, making it available for translation.
Explain biosynthesis. Since the virus has a + stranded RNA genome, it can be directly used as mRNA by host ribosomes to synthesize viral proteins. The viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is also synthesized to replicate the viral genome.
Finally, describe maturation. Newly synthesized viral proteins and replicated RNA genomes assemble into new virions. These mature virions are then prepared for release from the host cell to infect new cells.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Attachment of + Stranded RNA Virus
Attachment is the initial step where the virus binds specifically to receptors on the host cell surface. This interaction determines host range and tissue tropism, enabling the virus to recognize and attach to susceptible cells before entry.
Entry involves the virus penetrating the host cell, often via endocytosis or membrane fusion. Uncoating follows, where the viral capsid is removed to release the viral RNA genome into the cytoplasm, making it accessible for replication and translation.
Biosynthesis and Maturation of + Stranded RNA Virus
Biosynthesis includes replication of the viral RNA and translation of viral proteins using host machinery. Maturation is the assembly of new viral particles from synthesized components, preparing them for release to infect new cells.