Textbook Question
True or False: Giardia infections in the United States are all imported from other countries.
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Ch. 19 - Digestive System Infections
Norman-McKay2nd EditionMicrobiology: Basic and Clinical PrinciplesISBN: 9780137661619
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Introduction to Microbiology22
- Ch. 2 - Biochemistry Basics19
- Ch. 3 - Introduction to Prokaryotic Cells17
- Ch. 4 - Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells16
- Ch. 5 - Genetics25
- Ch. 6 - Viruses and Prions12
- Ch. 7 - Fundamentals of Microbial Growth20
- Ch. 8 - Microbial Metabolism16
- Ch. 9 - Principles of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology11
- Ch. 10 - Host Microbe Interactions and Pathogenesis19
- Ch. 11 - Innate Immunity24
- Ch. 12 - Adaptive Immunity22
- Ch. 13 - Immune System Disorders15
- Ch. 14 - Biomedical Applications: Vaccines, Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Molecular Method14
- Ch. 15 - Antimicrobial Drugs18
- Ch. 16 - Respiratory System Infections16
- Ch. 17 - Skin and Eye Infections19
- Ch. 18 - Nervous System Infections12
- Ch. 19 - Digestive System Infections20
- Ch. 20 - Urinary and Reproductive System Infections10
- Ch. 21 - Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Infections15
Norman-McKay2nd EditionMicrobiology: Basic and Clinical PrinciplesISBN: 9780137661619Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 19, Problem 20
Larry goes to his local Red Cross center to donate blood for the first time. A few weeks later a Red Cross agent contacts him to ask him to come in for a confidential meeting. During the meeting, Larry learns that his blood tested positive for hepatitis. He claims to be in excellent health and doesn’t believe the diagnosis. What virus does Larry most likely have? (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)
a. Hepatitis A
b. Hepatitis B
c. Hepatitis C
d. Hepatitis D
e. Hepatitis E
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that the problem involves identifying which hepatitis virus is most likely detected in a blood donation screening.
Recall that hepatitis viruses differ in their modes of transmission and the likelihood of being detected in blood tests during routine blood donation.
Note that Hepatitis A and E are typically transmitted via the fecal-oral route and are not commonly screened for in blood donations because they do not cause chronic blood infections.
Recognize that Hepatitis B, C, and D are bloodborne viruses, with Hepatitis B and C being the most commonly screened for in blood donations.
Consider that Hepatitis D only occurs as a co-infection with Hepatitis B, so a positive test for hepatitis in blood donation is most likely due to Hepatitis B or C, with Hepatitis B being the most common and well-known bloodborne hepatitis virus detected in such screenings.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Modes of Transmission of Hepatitis Viruses
Different hepatitis viruses spread through distinct routes. Hepatitis A and E are typically transmitted via the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated food or water. In contrast, Hepatitis B, C, and D are primarily bloodborne, spreading through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids, which is relevant in blood donation contexts.
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Characteristics of Hepatitis B and C Infections
Hepatitis B and C viruses can cause chronic infections that may be asymptomatic initially, making infected individuals unaware of their status. Both are bloodborne and can be detected through blood tests during donation screening. Hepatitis C is especially known for silent chronic infection, often discovered only through testing.
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Role of Blood Donation Screening in Detecting Hepatitis
Blood donation centers routinely screen donated blood for infectious agents like hepatitis viruses to prevent transmission. Positive results prompt confidential follow-up with donors. Since bloodborne hepatitis viruses (B, C, D) are screened, a positive test in a healthy donor most likely indicates infection with one of these viruses.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which of the following is most controversial for a nonseptic patient with E. coli O157:H7?
a. Administering oral rehydration therapy
b. Administering antibiotic therapy
c. Administering fever-reducing medications
d. Administering intravenous rehydration therapy
e. Withholding agents like diphenoxylate-atropine that reduce GI tract motility
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Textbook Question
A lower endoscopy examination of a patient complaining of abdominal cramps and diarrhea reveals pus-laden patches along the intestinal wall. Which of the following infectious agents could be considered the pathogen responsible for this condition?
a. Clostridioides difficile
b. Shigella
c. Salmonella serotype Typhi
d. Helicobacter pylori
e. Campylobacter jejuni
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Textbook Question
List the symptoms associated with the various stages of Schistosomiasis.
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