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In an experiment to measure the concentration of a bacterial culture, why is serial dilution important?
What is the main function of receptor-mediated endocytosis in viral infection?
Which of the following statements about viral replication is correct?
Which of the following DNA viruses replicates its genome in the cytoplasm?
In viruses that use the enzyme reverse transcriptase which of the following is produced in the said process:
Which of the following viruses commonly undergoes antigenic shift?
For retroviruses, what is the template used to make (-) ssDNA?
During what phase does a virus acquire an envelope?
Explain how enveloped viruses such as HIV use budding as their method of release from a host cell.
Which of these viral families has members known for their ability to establish latency in human nerve cells?
A 62-year-old male with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with a 7-day history of fever, worsening shortness of breath, and cough. His oxygen saturation is 88% on room air, and a chest X-ray shows bilateral infiltrates. A PCR test is positive for SARS-CoV-2. What is the most appropriate next step in managing this patient?
How are plant cells typically protected from viral diseases?
Which of the following host machinery is used by viroids to replicate?
Which of the following results in PrPSC prion?
Which of the following is a potential drawback of live attenuated vaccines?
The innate immune system defends the body from the following, except:
Which of the following statements is true regarding the first line defenses?
Which enzyme present in sweat breaks down the peptidoglycan found in bacterial cell walls?
What can happen if mucus membranes become dry?
How does lysozyme contribute to innate immunity?
Which of the following best describes the role of probiotics?
A 22-year-old male presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Laboratory tests reveal a low red blood cell count. Which of the following is the primary site where erythropoiesis occurs in an adult?
Which leukocyte is known for its role in allergic reactions by releasing histamine to increase capillary permeability?
Identify which statement correctly describes cellular development in human biology.