What happens to plasma cells that have undergone class switching?

During affinity maturation, what happens to B cells that are less effective in binding to antigens?

Which of the following cells persist in the body for extended periods and provide long-term immunity against the targeted pathogen?

In a medical procedure where a patient's skin cells are used to create a patch for their own burn injury, this type of transplant is known as:

Regulatory T cells are subsets of what type of T cells?

Which immune system cells are stimulated by the humoral immune system to participate in ADCC?

In the pharmaceutical industry, what is a common practice for enhancing the safety of live attenuated vaccines?

The relationship between the flowers and bees is an example of:

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a part of the normal microbiota found on human skin. It coexists harmlessly with its host under normal circumstances. Hence, they can be referred to as:

Which disease can potentially be contracted by humans through handling soil contaminated with animal feces?

Which of the following best explains why viruses often present a challenge to the first of Koch's postulates?

Considering that Lactobacilli are commonly found in the human gut and dairy products, why do they generally cause fewer infections compared to other more pathogenic bacteria?

Which of the following does not contribute to the virulence in pathogenic fungi?

Exotoxins can be grouped based on what characteristic?

All of the following are signs of endotoxic shock, except:

Which of the following is a characteristic of endotoxin?

What is a possible consequence of prolonged inflammation at the site of an infection?

Antigenic variation allows pathogens to:

A microbiology course includes a module on bacterial defense mechanisms against antibiotics. Which of the following mechanisms would be considered a method of immune evasion?

Bacterial strains without capsules are considered avirulent because they can:

Which of the following mechanisms allows Mycobacterium tuberculosis to survive within phagocytic cells?

Which strategy allows bacteria to avoid complement-mediated lysis?

In the study of parasitic diseases, what term is used to describe the strategy where parasites frequently alter their surface proteins to evade the host's immune response?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which HIV evades the immune system?