Textbook Question
_______ It is standard to attenuate killed virus vaccines.
1537
views
Ch. 17 - Immunization and Immune Testing
Bauman6th EditionMicrobiology with Diseases by TaxonomyISBN: 9780134832302
Not the one you use?Change textbookSelect a different textbook
Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - A Brief History of Microbiology31
- Ch. 2 - The Chemistry of Microbiology28
- Ch. 3 - Cell Structure and Function39
- Ch. 4 - Microscopy, Staining, and Classification25
- Ch. 5 - Microbial Metabolism51
- Ch. 6 - Microbial Nutrition and Growth37
- Ch. 7 - Microbial Genetics51
- Ch. 8 - Recombinant DNA Technology21
- Ch. 9 - Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment36
- Ch. 10 - Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs21
- Ch. 11 - Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes29
- Ch. 12 - Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes34
- Ch. 13 - Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions23
- Ch. 14 - Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology35
- Ch. 15 - Innate Immunity34
- Ch. 16 - Adaptive Immunity21
- Ch. 17 - Immunization and Immune Testing29
- Ch. 18 - Immune Disorders22
- Ch. 19 - Pathogenic Gram-Positive Bacteria25
- Ch. 20 - Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli28
- Ch. 21 - Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios25
- Ch. 22 - Pathogenic Fungi47
- Ch. 23 - Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors44
- Ch. 24 - Pathogenic DNA Viruses23
- Ch. 25 - Pathogenic RNA Viruses30
- Ch. 26 - Applied and Industrial Microbiology29
- Ch. 27 - Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes22
Bauman6th EditionMicrobiology with Diseases by TaxonomyISBN: 9780134832302Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 17, Problem 2
Which of the following vaccine types is commonly given with an adjuvant?
a. Attenuated vaccine
b. Modified live vaccine
c. Chemically killed vaccine
d. Immunoglobulin
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand what an adjuvant is. An adjuvant is a substance added to a vaccine to enhance the body's immune response to the vaccine antigen, making the vaccine more effective.
Step 2: Review the types of vaccines listed: attenuated vaccines and modified live vaccines contain live but weakened organisms, while chemically killed vaccines contain inactivated organisms, and immunoglobulin is not a vaccine but a preparation of antibodies.
Step 3: Recognize that live vaccines (attenuated and modified live) typically stimulate a strong immune response on their own and usually do not require adjuvants.
Step 4: Note that chemically killed (inactivated) vaccines often require adjuvants because the inactivation process reduces their immunogenicity, so adjuvants help boost the immune response.
Step 5: Conclude that the vaccine type commonly given with an adjuvant is the chemically killed vaccine.
Verified video answer for a similar problem:
This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above.
Video duration:
2mWas this helpful?
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Vaccine Types
Vaccines can be classified based on their composition and how they stimulate immunity. Attenuated and modified live vaccines contain weakened forms of the pathogen, while chemically killed vaccines contain inactivated pathogens. Immunoglobulins are not vaccines but are antibody preparations used for passive immunity.
Recommended video:
Guided course
01:06
Types of Phosphorylation
Adjuvants in Vaccines
Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines to enhance the immune response. They are commonly used with inactivated or killed vaccines to improve antigen presentation and stimulate stronger, longer-lasting immunity, as these vaccines alone may not provoke a robust immune response.
Recommended video:
Guided course
02:30Introduction to DNA-Based Technology
Immune Response to Different Vaccine Types
Live vaccines typically induce strong cellular and humoral immunity without adjuvants because they mimic natural infection. In contrast, killed vaccines often require adjuvants to boost immune activation since they cannot replicate or present antigens as effectively.
Recommended video:
Guided course
05:32Reviewing the Different Types of Microscopes
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Compare and contrast the Chinese practice of variolation with Jenner’s vaccination procedure.
1592
views
Textbook Question
To obtain immediate immunity against tetanus, a patient should receive:
a. An attenuated vaccine of Clostridium tetani
b. A modified live vaccine of C. tetani
c. Tetanus toxoid
d. Immunoglobulin against tetanus toxin (antitoxin)
1410
views
Textbook Question
What are the advantages and disadvantages of attenuated vaccines?
1821
views
Textbook Question
_______ Passive immunotherapy provides more prolonged immunity than active immunization.
1541
views
Textbook Question
The two columns on the left show negative and positive immunoblot results for a particular pathogen. The numbered columns are blots of samples from 11 patients. Which patients are most likely uninfected?
<IMAGE>
1386
views