Textbook Question
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of passive immunotherapy and active immunization.
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Ch. 17 - Immunization and Immune Testing
Bauman6th EditionMicrobiology with Diseases by TaxonomyISBN: 9780134832302
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - A Brief History of Microbiology31
- Ch. 2 - The Chemistry of Microbiology28
- Ch. 3 - Cell Structure and Function39
- Ch. 4 - Microscopy, Staining, and Classification25
- Ch. 5 - Microbial Metabolism51
- Ch. 6 - Microbial Nutrition and Growth37
- Ch. 7 - Microbial Genetics51
- Ch. 8 - Recombinant DNA Technology21
- Ch. 9 - Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment36
- Ch. 10 - Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs21
- Ch. 11 - Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes29
- Ch. 12 - Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes34
- Ch. 13 - Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions23
- Ch. 14 - Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology35
- Ch. 15 - Innate Immunity34
- Ch. 16 - Adaptive Immunity21
- Ch. 17 - Immunization and Immune Testing29
- Ch. 18 - Immune Disorders22
- Ch. 19 - Pathogenic Gram-Positive Bacteria25
- Ch. 20 - Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli28
- Ch. 21 - Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios25
- Ch. 22 - Pathogenic Fungi47
- Ch. 23 - Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors44
- Ch. 24 - Pathogenic DNA Viruses23
- Ch. 25 - Pathogenic RNA Viruses30
- Ch. 26 - Applied and Industrial Microbiology29
- Ch. 27 - Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes22
Bauman6th EditionMicrobiology with Diseases by TaxonomyISBN: 9780134832302Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 17, Problem 3
Which of the following viruses was widely used in living vaccines?
a. Coronavirus
b. Poliovirus
c. Influenzavirus
d. Retrovirus
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of a 'living vaccine' or 'live attenuated vaccine,' which uses a weakened form of the virus that can still replicate but does not cause disease in healthy individuals.
Recall which viruses have historically been used to develop live attenuated vaccines. For example, the poliovirus has a well-known live attenuated vaccine called the Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV).
Consider the other options: Coronaviruses and Influenzaviruses are typically targeted by inactivated or subunit vaccines rather than live attenuated vaccines, and Retroviruses are not commonly used in live vaccines.
Match the virus from the options to the known live attenuated vaccine: Poliovirus is the virus widely used in living vaccines.
Conclude that the correct answer is the virus associated with the live attenuated vaccine, which is poliovirus.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Live Attenuated Vaccines
Live attenuated vaccines use a weakened form of the virus that can still replicate without causing disease. These vaccines stimulate a strong and long-lasting immune response by mimicking natural infection. They are commonly used for viruses where immunity needs to be robust and durable.
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Poliovirus and Vaccine Development
Poliovirus is the causative agent of poliomyelitis and was one of the first viruses for which a live attenuated vaccine (Sabin vaccine) was developed. This oral vaccine played a crucial role in reducing polio worldwide by inducing immunity in the gut and bloodstream.
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Differences Among Virus Types in Vaccine Use
Different viruses require different vaccine strategies; for example, coronaviruses and influenzaviruses typically use inactivated or mRNA vaccines, while retroviruses pose challenges due to integration into host DNA. Understanding these differences helps explain why poliovirus was suitable for live vaccines.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
What are the advantages and disadvantages of attenuated vaccines?
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Textbook Question
When antigen and antibodies combine, maximal precipitation occurs when:
a. Antigen is in excess
b. Antibody is in excess
c. Antigen and antibody are at equivalent concentrations
d. Antigen is added to the antibody
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Textbook Question
The two columns on the left show negative and positive immunoblot results for a particular pathogen. The numbered columns are blots of samples from 11 patients. Which patients are most likely uninfected?
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Textbook Question
______ELISA is very easily automated.
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Textbook Question
______ One single serological test is inadequate for an accurate diagnosis of HIV infection.
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