Textbook Question
The drugs ddC and AZT are used to treat AIDS.
Based on their chemical structures, what is their mode of action?
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Ch. 7 - Microbial Genetics
Bauman6th EditionMicrobiology with Diseases by TaxonomyISBN: 9780134832302
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - A Brief History of Microbiology31
- Ch. 2 - The Chemistry of Microbiology28
- Ch. 3 - Cell Structure and Function39
- Ch. 4 - Microscopy, Staining, and Classification25
- Ch. 5 - Microbial Metabolism51
- Ch. 6 - Microbial Nutrition and Growth37
- Ch. 7 - Microbial Genetics51
- Ch. 8 - Recombinant DNA Technology21
- Ch. 9 - Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment36
- Ch. 10 - Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs21
- Ch. 11 - Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes29
- Ch. 12 - Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes34
- Ch. 13 - Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions23
- Ch. 14 - Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology35
- Ch. 15 - Innate Immunity34
- Ch. 16 - Adaptive Immunity21
- Ch. 17 - Immunization and Immune Testing29
- Ch. 18 - Immune Disorders22
- Ch. 19 - Pathogenic Gram-Positive Bacteria25
- Ch. 20 - Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli28
- Ch. 21 - Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios25
- Ch. 22 - Pathogenic Fungi47
- Ch. 23 - Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors44
- Ch. 24 - Pathogenic DNA Viruses23
- Ch. 25 - Pathogenic RNA Viruses30
- Ch. 26 - Applied and Industrial Microbiology29
- Ch. 27 - Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes22
Bauman6th EditionMicrobiology with Diseases by TaxonomyISBN: 9780134832302Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 7, Problem 3
Three effects of point mutations are ___________ , ___________ , and ____________ .
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Understand that point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide base in DNA, which can affect the resulting protein in different ways.
Identify the three main types of effects that point mutations can have on the protein sequence: silent mutations, missense mutations, and nonsense mutations.
A silent mutation is when the change in the nucleotide does not alter the amino acid due to the redundancy of the genetic code.
A missense mutation results in a different amino acid being incorporated into the protein, potentially altering its function.
A nonsense mutation changes a codon into a stop codon, leading to premature termination of protein synthesis.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Point Mutation
A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide base in the DNA sequence. This small alteration can affect gene function by altering the encoded protein or having no effect at all, depending on the mutation's nature and location.
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08:44
Types of Mutations
Silent Mutation
A silent mutation is a type of point mutation where the change in nucleotide does not alter the amino acid sequence of the protein. This occurs due to the redundancy in the genetic code, meaning the mutation has no effect on protein function.
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08:44Types of Mutations
Missense and Nonsense Mutations
Missense mutations change one amino acid in the protein, potentially altering its function, while nonsense mutations introduce a premature stop codon, leading to truncated, usually nonfunctional proteins. Both result from point mutations affecting protein synthesis.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which of the following is a true statement concerning prokaryotic chromosomes?
a. They typically have two or three origins of replication
b. They contain single-stranded DNA
c. They are located in the cytosol
d. They are associated in linear pairs
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Textbook Question
List several ways in which eukaryotic messenger RNA differs from prokaryotic mRNA.
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Textbook Question
Compare and contrast introns and exons.
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Textbook Question
A plasmid is __________ .
a. a molecule of RNA found in bacterial cells
b. distinguished from a chromosome by being circular
c. a structure in bacterial cells formed from plasma membrane
d. extrachromosomal DNA
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Textbook Question
Which of the following forms ionic bonds with eukaryotic DNA and stabilizes it?
a. Chromatin
b. Bacteriocin
c. Histone
d. Nucleoid
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