Textbook Question
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Ch. 13 - Immune System Disorders
Norman-McKay2nd EditionMicrobiology: Basic and Clinical PrinciplesISBN: 9780137661619
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Introduction to Microbiology22
- Ch. 2 - Biochemistry Basics19
- Ch. 3 - Introduction to Prokaryotic Cells17
- Ch. 4 - Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells16
- Ch. 5 - Genetics25
- Ch. 6 - Viruses and Prions12
- Ch. 7 - Fundamentals of Microbial Growth20
- Ch. 8 - Microbial Metabolism16
- Ch. 9 - Principles of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology11
- Ch. 10 - Host Microbe Interactions and Pathogenesis19
- Ch. 11 - Innate Immunity24
- Ch. 12 - Adaptive Immunity22
- Ch. 13 - Immune System Disorders15
- Ch. 14 - Biomedical Applications: Vaccines, Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Molecular Method14
- Ch. 15 - Antimicrobial Drugs18
- Ch. 16 - Respiratory System Infections16
- Ch. 17 - Skin and Eye Infections19
- Ch. 18 - Nervous System Infections12
- Ch. 19 - Digestive System Infections20
- Ch. 20 - Urinary and Reproductive System Infections10
- Ch. 21 - Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Infections15
Norman-McKay2nd EditionMicrobiology: Basic and Clinical PrinciplesISBN: 9780137661619Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 13, Problem 3
Indicate the true statements, and then reword the false statements so they are true.
a. Immunodeficiencies are associated with a decreased cancer risk
b. Type I reactions are mediated by IgG antibodies
c. Autoimmune disorders are not caused by type I hypersensitivities
d. Systemic lupus is mainly mediated by a type III hypersensitivity
e. A person with type 0- blood is called a universal donor
f. Immunotherapies are useful to reduce type II reactions
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Analyze statement (a): 'Immunodeficiencies are associated with a decreased cancer risk.' Consider the role of the immune system in surveilling and eliminating cancer cells. Immunodeficiencies typically impair this surveillance, which can increase cancer risk. Therefore, this statement is false. Reword it to: 'Immunodeficiencies are associated with an increased cancer risk.'
Step 2: Analyze statement (b): 'Type I reactions are mediated by IgG antibodies.' Recall that Type I hypersensitivity reactions are immediate allergic reactions mediated by IgE antibodies binding to mast cells and basophils. Since IgG is not involved in Type I reactions, this statement is false. Reword it to: 'Type I reactions are mediated by IgE antibodies.'
Step 3: Analyze statement (c): 'Autoimmune disorders are not caused by type I hypersensitivities.' Understand that autoimmune disorders are generally caused by other types of hypersensitivities (types II, III, or IV), not Type I. This statement is true as is.
Step 4: Analyze statement (d): 'Systemic lupus is mainly mediated by a type III hypersensitivity.' Recognize that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) involves immune complex deposition, characteristic of Type III hypersensitivity. This statement is true as is.
Step 5: Analyze statement (e): 'A person with type 0- blood is called a universal donor.' Recall that type O negative blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, making it compatible for transfusion to most recipients. This statement is true as is. Then analyze statement (f): 'Immunotherapies are useful to reduce type II reactions.' Consider that immunotherapies can modulate immune responses, including those involved in Type II hypersensitivities (antibody-mediated cytotoxic reactions). This statement is true as is.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Immunodeficiencies and Cancer Risk
Immunodeficiencies weaken the immune system, reducing its ability to detect and destroy cancerous cells, which actually increases cancer risk. A healthy immune system plays a key role in tumor surveillance by identifying and eliminating abnormal cells before they develop into cancer.
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Overall Risk of Infection
Types of Hypersensitivity Reactions
Hypersensitivity reactions are immune responses that cause tissue damage. Type I reactions are immediate and mediated by IgE antibodies, not IgG. Type II involves IgG or IgM antibodies targeting cells, Type III involves immune complexes, and Type IV is cell-mediated.
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Blood Groups and Universal Donors
Blood group O-negative individuals are called universal donors because their red blood cells lack A, B, and Rh antigens, minimizing the risk of immune reactions in recipients. This makes O-negative blood compatible with most recipients in transfusions.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which of the following is the most suggestive of an anaphylactic reaction? (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)
a. Sudden fever
b. A localized rash
c. Nasal congestion
d. Hemorrhage
e. Respiratory distress
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Textbook Question
Which of the following would be recommended as a means to diagnose a type I sensitivity? Select all that apply.
a. Skin prick test
b. IgG titers
c. IgM titers
d. IgE titers
e. Histamine levels
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Textbook Question
A patient has developed a type III reaction to a drug. Which of the following is the most immediate action required?
a. Lower the patient’s fever
b. Stop administration of the drug
c. Treat the patient’s skin rash to avoid possible infections
d. Hook the patient up to an IV for rehydration therapy
e. Administer antihistamines to limit the response
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Textbook Question
Which type of hypersensitivity is not antibody mediated?
a. Type I hypersensitivities
b. Type II hypersensitivities
c. Type III hypersensitivities
d. Type IV hypersensitivities
e. Antibodies mediate all of these.
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